Sep 1966

VOL. II No. 11 Price 75 Paise SEPTEMBER 1966A • ¦'^ii > * “4 si's* ¦4 A .W VOL 11 Ho. 11 SEPTEMBER 19 66 • M *•- r tt i’'' r^CttTGBlAL P^SO 8 ¦. ¦ ¦ KS '¦ Samachar Supplement Zarathushtra : His Message: Amesha-Spentas : ((Haurvatat) —by Mahyar Byramji Patel Nature Worship —by Dr. K. T. Jungalwalla .. Parents ’ Comer —by Gool K. S Shavaksha ••• Panthakism & Amateurism —by A. S. Tata ... Guidelines to Young ZCroastrians —by IBe^tt: H. Desai ... Employer-Employee Relariumship —by R. S. Pochkhanawala 5 8 13 18 22 23 Managing Editor: P. B. WARDEN, MS. (Bom.), DJP.M. (Bom.) ADVISORY BOARD Dasturji Navroz Minocher-Hanqti M.A., B.Ed. Major AdarlMd liM ¦LA.I«t.C« D.O^M.S, (Lond); D.O. (Oxon) Mrs. Gool K. Savakshah Mrs. Shera N. Vazifdar, M.Com. Dr. R, C. Cooper, M.Com., Ph.D. (Econ.), F.C.A. Mr. jehangir F. Shroff Prof Nadir Ardeshir Mody, M.A., LUB. Dr. Sohrab H. Batliwala, Ph.D. Mr. Bejon N. Desai, M.A., B.Ed. Single Copy: 75 paise. Yearly subscription for 12 issues Rs. 6. Inland. Sh. 10 for U.K. and 2 dollars for U.S,A. Office Address : C/o Warden ’s (Mysore ) Pvt Ltd., 378, Grant Road, BOMBAY 7. £ Published and edited by Editor-Proprietor P. B. Warden from 378, Grant Road, Bombay 7. printed by him at Godrej Memorial Printing Press, Gamadia Colony, Tardeo, Bombay 7.SM2 T Khordad Artist P. Warden Just as Aban controls distpbution of water, Khordad controls formation of water on earth. Her Hamkars are Star Tir, which produces rain, Govad (the good wind) which directs clouds andFravardin, herein represented %s crystal clear water (in their containers), symbolic of Divine Purity. Water in containers during Muktad Ceremony has the same meaning. ? •> ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? * ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? t <> > Catechism on Zoroastrian Religion ......... by^"' V, ' FRAMROZ RUSTOMJEE (Colombc^ Rs. 1|- Parsiana recommends all to read this pamphlet. It fully 30 burning and perptexlrtg questions. It throws much it holds you and your attention ? ? t ? 1 ? ? ? ? « answers light on each, one of them. throughout. Available at New Book Co., Taraporewalla, Jehangir B. Karani’s Sons, Faredoon & Burjor, Warden ’s (Mysore) Pvt. Ltd., Banaji Fire Temple (Sukhadwalla) ? ? ? niNNs71464 I Scytenbcr > Odobcr 1965 HdRMAZD' TIR It FardibBt I DM SAL. 1334 MB f1335YZ. KHORDAD- MBBM>~AVA (MYSORE) IVr. Ltd. 37B6IUUITRII. This is the hot favourite of most Parsis, since last year here and abroad. Our Zoroastrian New Year Calender in English Language. Size 36 cm x 30 cm Price 50 p. post free in India. MARESFAND RNOUHCO ANERAN I* MQHe* ' govad SKEHMVA* DAE-P-DlN H ASFANOARMAO DIN KHOROAO ASKIS^ AMCROAO ASHTAD 84 DAE-FA-AOAR ASWAN as ADM zamyAIJ 88 MA DAEf-MEHER 18 UAtrAOAK S SCSKAM Adar y RAH Ava • eovAO BAHMAN 9O9N UWiBEM 1 «». GMC^P-MCMER SHEHREWR • HiHSR |0 •¦aj I KHORSHED • OAC'RMMN 18 tt <111^ KHORDAD 4 rashra AMARDAD f RR«WROIH II 18 TiR AStNSVANSM GOSH ! A8HTA0 ASMM MERER lANWi SROSH HARSSRANO RASHNA ANCRAN FRJI9AW MQRMAZO BEHRAM BAMMAR RAM AROtSIHCSMT 18 OAE-M*AtMW ADM Aoailablt at 1 H M 1*^ n i Warden ’s (Mysore) Pvt. Ltd. Tel. 371464 and Branches 378, Grant Road, Bombay-7. 4 >-MOBED FURDOONJI MURZBAN rounder The Bombay Samachar Established 18221 ¥ The Oldest Newspaper in the whole of India THE BOMBAY SAMACHAR founded by FURDOONJI MURZBAN Established 1st July 1822 By M. N. CAMA 'c The East India. Company enjoyed monopoly for trading in India but in 1813 the monopoly the occasion of the 145th Birthday of The '^Bombay Samachar, I, as one most intima ­ tely connected with the management and was terminated, and the trade was thrown open conduct of this newspaper for the last so many to all. From 1813, the trade in Bombay start- years am tempted to put into words my stray ed flourishing, so many people were attracted thoughts and feelings about this ancient insti- and they settled in Bombay. They were mostly tution. However, it is difficult to write about Gujarati speaking, so Furdoonji Murzban took one ’s concern, one ’s own gise at the outset to the readers and to request about Bombay, under the name of Shri them to overlook, if in their opinion what I Mumbaina Samachar. about to state appears to be like self-praise Napoleon in 1815, a very serious depression in trade set in, with the result that the trading activity and boom following the termination of the monopoly of the East India Company suffered a serious set back. without appearing to be blowing advantage of that position by selling leaflets trumpet. I must, therefore, apolo- containing important news and information t about to state appears to be like self-praise for the oldest newspaper which has stood the onslaughts of time and faced several vicissi ­ tudes and difficulties in the course of its long career of 144 years. Its very birth was under great difficulties. As Gujarati types were not available, the founders had to make use of hand-made types which were crude, unequal and of varying sizes. In 1812, when The Bombay Samachar Printing Press was started, there was neither electricity nor steam nor any engine or mecha ­ nical power to work the primitive machine. Therefore, judged by the present standards, the result could hardly be called “printing ”, espe ­ cially when the types were so crude and un- symmetrical. The Founder, Mr. Furdoonji Murzban, how ­ ever made use of this Printing Press to produce the first almanac under the name of The Bombay Samachar Panchang in 1814. This was the first Panchang in Gujarati to appear on the Indian soil. It served the purpose of pro ­ viding information to the seamen on the sail ­ ing ships whch plied between the ports, not undertaken and the road was opened for only of Indian but also of Europe and China, traffic in 1830. Thus Bombay was brought in To these sailors, movements of the stars, sun direct communication with the hinterland and and moon as also the timings of the tides were with Maharashtra. It would be noteworthy of vital importance. to mention here that there was no postal In the year 1818, the Peshwas who were the rulers of Maharashtra suffered a defeat at the hands of the British at Kirkee. Thereupon, the administration in Bombay came more or less into the hands of the East India Company, but as their trade monopoly had been terminated, the traders in Bombay took advantage of this change in the political atmosphere and enlarged their business with the mainland. Furdoonji Murzban was not slow in seizing the opportunity offered by the changed situa ­ tion and he started the “Bombay Samachar ” on 1st July, 1822, thus providing useful infomia-' tion to the commercial communities who were mostly Gujarati speaking. Sometime thereafter preparations for making a road to Poona through the Bhor Ghat weresystem in the whole world at that time. Postal the final change in the Government from the stamps were uSed-fbr the ‘first time an England Bnti^ Rule sto the Indian people. in 1840 arid later on, in India, so The Bombay Samachar, copies were delivered at different ¦ places by hand and not through postal system as is being done at present. There were not many Gujarati speaking persons living abroad in those days, but the few who were there, got their copies by the monthly mail service which was started in 1838. This however was not a Postal Mail Service. In 1853, G.I.P. Railway ran its first train from Bombay to Thana, a distance of 20 miles. The advantages derivable from the rail transport between Bombay and Thana were not lost to the public or to the Government so they under ­ took die laying down of the railway line for Poona, The greatest obstacle, however, was the Bhor Ghat which had to be traversed. In 1863, railway line was completed in the Bhor Ghat Section and thus railway communication was established between Poona and Bombay. There is a mine of information contained in the files of The Bombay Samachar, as all im ­ portant incidents were reported in its columns as and when they occurred. As a matter of fact, the files of The Bombay Samachar should reveal the history and development of Bombay from a fisherman ’s village to its present posi ­ tion of importance, as also the changes which took place in England in respect of the reigning sovereigns of the British Government from George in onwards. It bears evidence to poli ­ tical incidents like the 1857 Mutiny, advent of Dadabhoy Naoroji ’s Home Rule Movement, establishment of the Indian Congress, Mahatma Gandhi ’s Non-Violent Passive Resistance as also Its columns also reveal the development of varidus industries, particularly the textile mills and other concerns which have brought immea ­ surable benefit to the people of Bombay in the shape of electrical power and in other direc ­ tions, Its columns also provide information of the munificence of worthy gentlemen and the establishment from time to time of charitable institutions like Hospitals, Educational Centres, etc. In fact, the columns of The Bombay Samachar should provide in detail information about the development of Bombay. The part played by this newspaper is not only that of furnishing information to the people but also for encouraging them by giving publicity to the different acts of charity and benevolent work done for the welfare of the people by chari ­ tably minded persons. Articles in The Bombay Samachar led to the establishment of the Parsi Panchayat and other Parsi and Non-Parsi Charitable Trusts. The progress of printing can be judged from the fact that in 1822, there were hardly 3 Printing Presses in Bombay and one of them was The Bombay Samachar which alone has continued to this day. The others had to close down. In 1867, die number grew to 25, in ­ cluding the Jame-Jamshed Started in 1832 and the Times of India in 1861. There were 53 Printing Presses in 1878 and the number grew to 120 Presses in 1900. Today there are hun ­ dreds of Printing Presses on this side of India. The oldest, among them. The Bombay Samachar is celebrating its Birthday today. ¦ T t o 1st July, 1966. 1 « >•' it Zarathushtra: W$ Thie Amesha-Spentas: "Haurvatat”: (KhorO^X t /1 Z\ By 9 i rs Jiva ii K-’I MAHYAR BYRAMJI PA^L I consider the pursuit, accumulation and perfection of knowledge .to;^e;^repf ^d the achje>^^t|pfj4^->j^ Realization much more important than all the other hene^ipf together !” ¦ adl AhaihAi Anghat Vahishtem Ye Moi VidvaO VaOchat ¦ Harfhim —Matitfti^Hfl " -r MAnthrem Yim Haurvatato! ” - • • u .>/0£q«i4 ..... . ... .. , .>ngi ; Unto him, the wise-one, shall come the best, who shall spread-my ..Word,; which; leads to Perfection ! Holy Zarathushtra sang out optimistic- us diWdLy. find no tiresome repetitions ally when he gave us the venerable Ga- thas. Throughout their entire contents, dd'not come across a word of incon- solaWe despair. Even in moments of ut ­ ter anguish, we find our blessed prophet as it expounds, lift up His heart in complete trust in Ahura ‘Mazda. He expresses His faith arid confidence in ultimate and absolute c" cc . : ’•>;><),r.Vip tin. justied. Ws tone and expression are such th^**^ we find no w that we cannot withhold admiration for Him and we find ourselves ready and punishment on the wiJling to follow this marvellous person- afity wherever he-may lead us. He expres- ’ ses his monotheistic, faith so well in his simple and appealing language. At once He does away with all pretences of grandiose and elaborate ritualism and colourful religious pomp and splendour. When„He lifts up his heart and sings a important than any other think in all the world, 99 yUQ nbic'. :tr 'J .;W u;- i. and no extravagant W0rd> thipughjQpt the entire contents of tlie Gatlips, b«|j what we read leaves, us pleased; deep sense of fulfilmW> thatjc^^^hiier^g^ noj^: j O) hr fft r* ii» The Holy Gath^ ® that teams with joyous * opl^ni^m,' aril^ 'J f .A'ip tiftl to be feared. Even itself the Wm that attempts to le^^rii ’ ra^ef Ifim des-^ troy. There Ts ' no ' terriaV '' TtC' message of the Gathas, aniJ^'thri 'l^eioVed* prophet assures all^niuriikirid th^ ife^ ever progressing toWaf^a' more p^fedt world, wherein even the leasf'bf us ’l^all- ¦ finally shape ourselves to -pfetfiidfidri^ when all Evil shall ultimately ahd Utterly' ourselves spell-bound be destroyed; There shall neither fi be^ by tl^ torrent of -sii^re and heartfelt death, nor pain, mor sorrow, andiithai? expressions that pour out: of his lips. His stage of Perfection, -.called , HauTvatat,'r lucidity and spontaneity, as it were, carry shall be the final end of all. > •'¦• *> I J i 5eto forsake the Good-Creation, to be un- _ _ hygienic, to refrain from a deep study of propenSy.'^i? cannot create, as Good All-Creation, not to pursue the quest for does, and so, whilst the Good is termed truth, not to study and follow the Laws as Life, the Evil is simply termed as Not- of Nature, not to provide for the deserv- Life. Good and Evil, as we term: them, ing, the good and the incapacitated, not both emanate 1— - ------- in reality since Evil has no existence of idolaterous. Evil, in Zarathushtrian terminology, is not a personality like the Satan, but a as Life, the Evil is simply termed as Not- furthers the work of divinity, to preach 'falsehoods, supersti- approaches. Holy Zarathushtra preached Universal Love for all of Ahura Mazda ’s Good Creation. That should always be the measure of our lives, for then. Illumina ­ tion and Happiness shall eagerly vie with to stop fearing God, to love Him, t anu ./! J -Tu u/z^T-ric each other to serve us best, and lead us to Perfection. He dreams of a Perfect World where there is neither pain nor sorrow, neither temptation nor the cause for it. How often, do we suffer, and then in our inner-most hearts realise the benefi- from Ahura Mazda, but to treat all with perfect equality, to be - ¦ - • , to believe in undeserving its own, it fe simply a punitive measure, redemption, to believe in any human- that in its own way furthers the wortc of divinity, to preach ^falsehoods, supersti- the Almighty God, in as much as, while tions or any other absurdities, to pro- it punidies, it inculcates the urge to mote fanaticism, strife or go contrary to improve. It is because of this, that whilst the benevolent Laws of Nature, to be the ignorant ones term sadness, misfor- cowed down by fear or adopt an attitude tune, punishment and the like as Evil, of tolerant indifference in the face of in- the wise ones term these merely as inst- justice, and all other similar negative ructive guidances. Man started by fearing the elements, labelled these as various gods, and sought to propitiate them with sacrifices. The work of Holy Zarathushtra was to teach man i and to sacrifice Good Thoughts, Words and Deeds to Him. He taught us, that the only beast to be sacrificed to Ahura Mazda was the ^ast within ourselves. He preached and lived the Perfect Faith as revealed by Ahura Mazda Himself to His tried and tested Prophet. When Zara ­ thushtra revealed his message of a Per- influence of that suffering? It washes feet World, he disclosed that it was the ^.^^y with its tears our regrets and fail- Will of Ahura Mazda for men to lead ^res. We all have our shares of the twin happy and prosperous lives, to multiply, sensations of pain and delight, success to weed out the obnoxious, to reward and failure, happiness and sorrow, triu- the virtuous, and to reflect the Good- mph and disaster, peace and strife, and ness of their Maker in all their thoughts, these contrasts bring out all the best words and deeds. It is un-Zarathushtrian jn us and if we are so inclined, lead us to lead a life of celibacy, voluntary- onwards towards Perfection. This is the poverty, to promote non-violent attitudes condition of Perfection, Haurvatat, to- towards the wicked, to deal in slavery, wards which we are to travel. -5; ? 6V Perfection, Hauravatat is both the Ideal and also its Reward. It comes to a life dedicated to Love and Selfless-Service. It brings with it physical health, well ­ being and Spiritual growth, and imparts to its votary a Life-Renewed. It implies spirituality and belief in the Soul. The more a man lives in Haurvatat, the more happy he is, and in its final phase attains to the Ideal Perfection, which is Pure Bliss. It unfailingly implies a deep-seated sense of Justice, and an implicit faith in the final triumph of Good over Eyil. Philologically Haurvatat means the Good Soul, wherein Hu is the prefix denoting good as in Humata, Hukhta, Huvrashta etc. In the Gathas, Haurvatat is always as ­ sociated with Ameretat, Immortality, and they are inseparable. They form an indissoluble pair. No part of the Gathas is addressed to either of them singly without the other. Zarathushtra declares that, all those who offer willing obedience to him will surely attain to Haurvatat. • Zarathushtra pays to Ahura (Mazda to grant him the boon of Haurvatat. He declares, that whosoever piously recites the Sacred Formulas dedicated to Haur ­ vatat shall reap the Highest Reward, The fruits of Haurvatat are a blessed exist ­ ence in both the worlds of the physical as well as the spiritual life, and an assu ­ rance of a happy existence after death. i The Gathas hand out a hint at the connection between Haurvatat and the Waters, over which it presides during the later Avesta. In the Zarathushtrian Es­ chatology, Haurvatat ^figuratively repre­ sents ambrosia that the pious souls re­ ceive in heaven after death. The Khor­ dad Yasht is a dedication to Haurvatat, wherein Haurvatat is invoked as the lord of the seasons and the years. The later Avesta invokes Khordad, which is the later form of Haurvatat, to bring to mankind help, joy, comfort and pleasure, for the righteous, and to help him smite the legions of the demons. The Holy Fire too, grants its munificent rewards to the invoker of Haurvatat, In the final round of conflict between the forces of Good and Evil, Haurvatat shall smite out of existence the demons of hunger. How­ ever, here, in the later Avesta, nowhere does Haurvatat represent a material personification of the Waters, but it does mean water specifically in its healing capacity for mankind. Khordad, is the lord of the divisions of time, and good men live happy and honest lives through his beneficence throughout the year. Having Waters for his special care, good men are admonished to make only good use of the waters by Khordad. The Waters of Khordad bring ferttfity, pros­ perity, plenty and purity to all. It is pricelessly precious, as all life would cease to exist without it. Spendarmard owes its fertility, and Amardad owes its abundant fruitfulness due to it. Excessive eating and immoderate drinlking displease him. Its adversary, the demon Tairev shall be driven away by him at the time of the final Resurrection. With his powerful voice, we can still hear the venerable prophet sing out his joyous message to all mankind: “...And both these, Haurvatat (Perfection) and Ameretat (Immortality) of thine, lead us on towards the Light, through the Divine Power of the Good Mind; And Holy Piety, along with Righteousness, shall assure a Life-Renewed with Strength-of- Soul; Working through these, O Mazda, Thou shalt be Conqueror over all Thy opponents !” 1 \Nature Worship Realise God in Nature To sec, observe, study and feel Nature around is “Nature Worship ” as a means to realisation of the Almighty. It is the “First Religion of Mankind ”, but not necessarily primitive for being early. “Idol Worship ” of all kinds of Images as substitution Symbols of observations in nature was the direct follower of true religion of man being attuned to God through reverence to Nature. In our Avestan Scriptures there are many such prayers classed as Namaskars, Setayash, Nyaish etc. for “Worship of Nature ”, The following extracts endeavour to deal with these prayers as symbolisms to make us realise the existence of God through His beneficent Forms in Nature and thus make us reflect from observa ­ tion of Nature to the Creator of Nature. (1) Cherag No Namaskar — Worship of Light ” is a short prayer from the first paragraph of “Atash Nyaish ” — “Nemsete Atash Mazdao ”. It is usually recited when the lights are first lit in the evening and darkness is cast off. Nature is seen here in its most telling change that recurs daily. (2) Namasikar Parvatno — “Mountains ” — “We worship the sacred mountains and hills, which pro- 6y Dr. K. T. JUNG AL WALLA duce food and foodgrains, and protect villages from effects of storms, help bring down rains from the skies and help us with other useful products of ‘Ashoi ’ ”. 1 (3) Namaskar Panino — “Water ” — “We worship the excellent, undefiled and crystal clear Holy Waters of the Aredvi Sur ”, which cleanse every ­ thing around. It reminds us that cleanli ­ ness is Godliness and there can be no concept of God in filth. (4) Namaskar Urvamo — “We worship the Holy (Asho) Vegeta ­ tions (Plants, etc.), created by Ahura Mazda ”. 1 J Note: “The Plants and Waters invoiked here and in the other prayers, are not merely the earthly, but also the spiritual waters and plants — the Waters of Life and Plants of Im ­ mortality ”. There are also short “Namaskars ” for Mulktad and Dokhma, reminding us of the Etheric existence of the dear departed ones. ? (5) Char Dishano Namaskar — (North, South, East and West). This short prayer in Avesta is taken from Ys. Ha 1.16. “Homage be unto these places, cities, fields, dwellings, reservoirs, flow- 8t ing waters ,unto the Fires, lands, trees, the Kingdom of God in Nature, (3) Then the Earth and the Sky, the Holy Wind, the Resplendent Heaven — the abode of unto the Stars, the Moon, and the Sun; Songs, (4) then the Orbit of the Revolving unto the Endless Celestial Light, unto the Universe, (5) the Radiant Sun (6) the whole of the creation of the Holy Spirit; Luminous Moon and (7) the Stars with unto righteous man and righteous woman the potentialities of creation, (8) the Air, unto the Holy Ratu ”. (The prayer is re- (9) the Wind, (10) the Water, (11) the cited four times — each time facing one Fire, and (12) the Earth, (13) the Vege- of the four directions). Directions are table Kingdom, (14) the Animal King- essential for our orientation (our sense dom and (15) the Mineral Kingdom and of location, footing, mooring or pose), (16) Mankind, his last and# crowning from which we can obtain our guidance glory of creation, after providing previ- for life or if firm in our footing to guide ously all the aforesaid essentials for his others. existence and endowing him with thought and speech, i.e. the Logos, “that he can learn the sublimity and convey the divi ­ nity discovered therein. Extracts from other prayers: (a) Doa Nam-Setayeshne All our prayers are to be recited with “Agahi” = knowledge and understand ­ ing; ‘"Astvani” = faith and devotion; A.D. (Here the order is reversed). Instead followed by “Neki” = service, good of from Creations to their Creator in Na- maskars. This Pazand prayer was composed by Dastur Adarbad Marespand during the Sassanian period, about 3rd century i” deeds in line with the basic Command ­ ments of our religion — Hoomata, Hu- • khta, Hoovarashta. Only such order of Paragraph 1 — begins in praise of Ahura offering make prayers effective. Mazda, the Lord of Creation and of Wis ­ dom and is followed by a list of His cre ­ ations. J. i KHORSHED NYAISH-This Nyaish is mainly in worship of the Sun, the glori ­ ous form of Ahura Mazda. In the first Paragraph 2 — mentions 16 creations of paragraph of this Nyaish, it is stated Ahura Mazda in their order of creation, ‘^Namsete (modem Namaste) Ahura as follows: Mazda, thrishchit paro anyaish daman”, meaning “Homage be thrice unto Thee? prior to my homage to all Thy other Creations in the universe, O Ahura Maz ­ da! ” In all Nyaishes, Yashts, etc. we begin the prayer by giving homage first “Amongst the living beings, I thank Him, the Great Eternal Being, Who with His unrivalled Power and Wisdom, created (1) the Six Exalted Amesha Spentas (the Holy Immortals) and (2) many wondrous to Ahura Mazda before alfnis Creations, angels (Yazatas). (They were the very and then to other Deities, thus recognis- first Celestial Beings to be created in ing Ahura Mazda as the Supreme Head order to carry out the Administration of of the Universe. 9The explanatory note suggests that the existence of atmospheric and ethereal layer round the earth was known to our leaders ages ago. We pay homage to Ahura Mazda first, dreds and thousands ”, he explains that then to the Amesha Spentas, to Mithra “Meher Yazad (Mithra) may be regarded (Meher Yazad), the Radiant Sun, to the as “Light ”, Ram Khwaster Yazad as animal kingdom Gaviodad, (the first of “ether ”; and “Vayu Upar Kairiyo ” as the animal kingdom to be created, to the layer of air (atmosphere) spread out Gaiyomard (first human being), to the between the siky and the earth. Without Holy Fravashi of Spitama Zarathushtra, the help of these Yazatas, natural light to the whole of the Holy Creation, that cannot be brough down to the earth ”. Was, is or wijl be hereafter. “We revere (worship) Tishtriya (star Teshter-Tir), the radiant luminous body that directs the rains ”. It sings the glory of the twofold work of Tishtraya, star and as a yazata, that presides it and gives a lively picture of his ments in producing clouds, sleet, and distributing them all over the to its bright side. It is only through Ahu- world. j-a Mazda that these phenomena occur with such precision and regularity in na ­ ture. A reference to this is made in Ga ­ tha Ha. 44.3. Mah Bokhtar (Moon) Nyaish: We pay homage (worship) to the wax ­ ing and the waning of the moon 14 days as a over move ­ rain and each in a month, its dark side as well as It is stated that warmeth, the unseen processes, the spiri ­ tual yazads attend by thousands; they ‘ gather together the light and the heat of the Sun (= ham barayeinti), and pour (Dr. Tar a pore walla ’s Gathas), Zarathush- them down upon the earth (= niparaye- inti) and give them to earth (= bakshen- ti). ’when the sunshine In Ushtavaiti Gatha — Yasna Ha 44: tra asks many questions to Ahura Mazda (about natural phenomena) and expres ­ ses the yearnings of his heart. The ques ­ tions remain unanswered. Each man shall find the answers within his own heart aided by Armaiti (Conscience). Tliis is the essential teaching of this Gatha. all the verses in this Yasna start with the words: “This do I enquire of Thee, Ahu- Ervad Kavasji Kanga, in his Khordeh Avests in his explanatory note of this paragraph 11, states: — “To gather and spread the light of the twentieth and the last verse. Sun and Moon on the earth, it is neces ­ sary to have air (atmosphere), and also a thinner and lighter element called ‘ether ’. uno me the Truth thereof. It Without the layer of air and ether, the light of the Sun and Moon cannot be brought down to the earth ”. As regards the “Spiritual Yazatas attending by hun- tions pertaining to Natural Phenomena. 10 is only through these answers that one attains the Fnlightenment = Ushta. ” Zarathushtra asks Ahura Mazda ques-Nature has its immensity and complex- i can study just one phase of it. Scientist may record his observations in Laws, “This do I ask: Who was the First Father of Eternal Law (of Asha)? What ity which makes it unfathomable. Each Being laid down the paths for the Sun great observer, be it a scientist or a divine and the Stars? Who caused the Moon to wax and wane? Whose might doth hold the Earth and Sky apart? Who keeps the divine may record them in the richness Waters and the Plants in place? Who of his experience. Each is limited by the guides the Winds in their uncharted reach of his vision and the conflict bet ­ course? What Architect did fashion ween religion and science is the product Realms of Light as also Realms of Dark- of these human short-comings, ness? Who wisely planned Rest and Work? Who hath created Dawn and Day and Night, to teach the wise the purpose of all Life? ” To these he gets a convincing reply that what is going on in the whole uni ­ verse is in accordance with the Eternal, Unmistakable, Immutable Divine Law of Asha; of which the Almighty is the author. e • However, “There is no conflict and there can be no conflict between the Zoroastrian Religion and Science, because it is the most scientific religion based upon a deep and accurate observation and study of Nature and Nature’s Laws”, so says Ervad Dr. Karkhanawala in one of his articles in one of the previous issues of Parsiana. SODIRIN TABLET FOR SWEETNESS THAT IS NOT SUGAR '9 J • Non Caloric, Non Nutritive Sweetener • Indicated In Diabetic Diets And Weight Reduction. . • 1 Tablet *= 2 Teaspoons Sugar. • No Bitter After Taste And Completely I Stable In Cooking, Baking & Heating. • Dissolves Immediately In Warm Liquids • Packing Of tOO And 500 Tablets. I'lA DA Roc Phorinuccuticals Ui t'POAL'jyvZsf Ci.\rr-1A. BOMBAY-K. dd, PHONE 65 414 *g.<' 11:v- S” 'ut*- U.’-, J V 4 PARENTS CORNER ¦t>c~ » “Realization of our duty to dur child is much more important than; all the other benefits put together ”. V I h electronic enqineesr, GOOL K. S. SHAV^fe|r^H' a’L Man Tech. (^ia). ? Radio Officct* i e '“One must understand that in the his- and the Navjot is performed, it is all the tory of civilization nothing is lost; that duty done. It is not enough. Other reli- evcry event has an effect forever on the gions are far ahead of us in this. They next generation. ” One must not be dog- care about their young ones, we do not matic about what little one knows of the Why? Is it because it is too much trouble? materialistic or of the modern trends but Many parents are too busy or uncaring or one must try to realise that religion stands lazy. They say: “The language is too di- at the cradle of a nation ’s history. fficult to understj^d. lOy should we try to understand it? ” To realise something is the most im ­ portant part of life. To understand means to be tolerant. As in a country, so in a / , family, every act of a parent has its effect on the seed, and the faith which each one carries in one ’s mind affects his destiny and affects every one around him. J Faith therefore is necessary to human beings; without it they can have no secu ­ rity. Paradoxically it is the knowledge of evil which has strengthened man ’s faith in God. A great responsibility thus rests on the parents and they must not pass this res ­ ponsibility onto others. They must handle it themselves. ? If they do not understand the Zoroas- triah religion they must learn to under ­ stand it, not pass on the responsibility to teachers who may know less. At present a Zoroastrian parent thinks that if a priest comes and teaches prayers Most people of different nations airf religions pray in languages which they do not understand. We are not an excep ­ tion. The difference is we do not try to understand, they do. There are lots of classes both for adults and children and there are many willing teachers: what is lacking are the pupils. There are enough books and we have many intelligent Heads of our Atash Behrams and Agiaries always ready to help and there are many learned Teachers willing to impart their knowledge, I, personally, thinik that the average Parsee is disappointed that there are not enough miracles in our religion. Let them remember that out religion is to be intelligently understood. Miracles were invented for the ordinary men. We have risen a little above the ordinary. This has made us slightly light-minded. You un ­ derstand what I mean. 13,V llP\ \ <-)U / 7£/a7 POLSON COFFEE•BUTTER¦TEA ¦ J PL r t .. i!SP you Parents should study our religion and then explain it in easy language with love and care to their children . This little trouble will pay you and your family a rich dividend in fulness of life. The Christians have made an art of it. They have divided their religion into two parts. The immaculate conception was unexplainable to children and had to be taken on faith, hence the Baptism was given to children at birth. The Baptism is given at birth, the Communion later on. We have the Navjot for the young and the Navar for the older. We do not baptise at birth but after a child can think. We then invest the child with the Sudra and Kusti. We make merry and throw a feast, without explaining to the youngster that now he is a a new-helper to live and enhance the teachings of Zarathushtra. The Navjot ceremony is very important so we will take it as a separate article. “nav-joti ” 14f' ¦'j .,7 Tf; "ia ) C'Hu ¦¦-'T. O”’" $ 1 ^'1 r NoesetHrai^ Hornmejee : .. M f^r •¦¦ ’ '-- -v" ' ' ¦ Ojnabaw Admwatta ¦r Bom ^12-1397 (. Z1 If) Died 20r6>ld66 4 V ?¦* I.. 'T 5f*^ ’W’^9 • •, ' <’ aS 1#^ '>.*’• ¦»4 fi« wgs t ;8toic hwci£ 0j6i4ifc > < j)gpula?ly ^s ihia T^axlawlsW his J|ig JjB^ss we^ in India; He Wfied ’^a f Pl efiW larj^ farm and afiDaky in Bnngak»(t imd was a principal aetiva fSbi:bdar Pr^- i:^ 4PP^ ^tlipdpity, phafity, Uh^r- mihr Tyrea ^spaifliy -Sianubct^M^^ 4i^9r f«r rellgipn ap< spifil Mrpa tyre# for trvciiSa p?. ipMnW traits frqm >hss a^st^s. ^ery pnp pf his ancestor? ^d Wi^< in stter sb^ieMy. ii^ haotl enumerated here lia^ve fully merited the w-Qi^ ai|d hau^ihoodv ititos ’Of hien. Prosperity of the ^?«rs at Wdisswl It^WeHteed howoowy teiiiy was ionsistSehtly on the increase. fre«R)^sij©fieo in the Ppit tc Us Hoemsoei teilax^on ^ deterioration ri^ideSFlOl at jMtJiwsda ftaeg ttt T irp«n ipfly trUts wei^ penmisMble into a 0$ 4 abl^ truly orthodox fanubr » wbichk~h& tived and died-fflid-'Mwse noWe principles he staunchly uphej^ anct oaf' ried out in his own life. Ahnut juyear .and a. 4iatf..ba clk be wa S Jcnopked dpwn by a car, while walking across a road in Aden. He suffered a feactur^ (rf tb^h, and w^Szput in plas- He succ^ded his father Hprmusjji as ter. followed a,l?^t a partner in Cowasji Dinshaw Bros. oX healing of fracture but spurned it on the Steamer Point Aden, along With his other question of pain. lie withstood pain and bcbfliers Pramroze ^d Dinshaw whb^^ started walkihg" about'much barlie? have predeceased him. After separating most people can. coromentsi SP^^fBC-?»¦? i i i I ' communities. ' a Trustee of Bangalore Anju- He was man from 1940 and its B^siint'fTom ’ I960. He paid Rs. 10,000 for Dokhma Rund and' farther jRs. 10,000 tb purchase, a piece of land adjoining Bangalore Doongerwadi. He promised to nav rr.** a-, feaoo.«x)fbr a building^.hou^ Pa^tf Of lower income. Of this a...Kzv.xxo ~ 40,000 were paid by him as ita^t instal He promised to of lower income. Of this all T Be was intimately connected with Iran League, India-&an Cultural Society and was very keen for estahHch;„« 1,....,.^.. League, India->an Cultural Society ! * was very fescn for establishing healthy social and cultural relations ’ business is married in the family of Giv of Teheran cultural relations through respected popular influential families on both sife with Iran, succeeds him in amount Rs; ment. He was well known and promoting social and and Yeoman Service to Zanzibar Parsees Mti Rutti Bulsara, a repatriate frmn j Zanzibar who has lived in Pact Afriz,., . --------- -- *'“»**« te nearly forty years aad who heW the people of Zanzibar particulariv anH P R-- ----- .East Africa geiwrally, win their fr^om and produced a first from colonial bondage, gave us a graphic challenae from ¦ • bined^en Afte? *orid famous firm of Messrs. Cowasjee the result th^^ i; ? Dmshaw & Bros. Adcording to him the ® firm ’s Shethias maintained at their ex ­ pense the Zanzibar Parsee Agiary for over halfu century and looked after the - _ _ _____ general welfare of the Parsee community, ^^d standing invitation to the House of “du^ng sports, for which the firm foun- Cowasji Dihshaw Bros, where X Ze« .^e Ruttonji Dorabji Dinshaw Par- rested and entertained EVeiy day for 16 days a Norihern self-service But it >ays Zanzibar who has lived in^Easr^Afr^ Pavilion for “ X memibers. This cricket team under Can- ‘“‘=5' R- D. DinShaw h onty team capable of meeting the any East African cpm- ' ev^ niatoh,whatever ------ ! t^arh was ia^shiy entertaiiied at Chwi^a' about 20 miles away from Mnazi Mmoja Cricket field. All Pareis passing through Aden by boat particularly and three maintained at their ex- ' for eiitrhnce t6' the street. thought the bask •her-iono^een^ |6 a woman helped herself to a basket Cap- at the store and then j^trollcd way w protested when charged with And the magistrate duly help yourself!” she ts were free gifts! t?;ih- Panthakism & Amat^r*sin Professor Richard Frye of University (U.S.A.) ' K. R. Cama said, , No Mobed - No Parsi." (Parsiana - Jan. 1966). He also emphasised in his lectures the need to enhance, cherish and protect mnbed class, whd are' the Oriental Institute in Bombay Athravans. I predict, “Save your He also emphasised in his our mobed class, torch-bearers of our faith. . a;S.-TATA^ Harvard rents and in fact can motivate people to pur inc turned for not being able to house in order. .. ¦.1 • j — barring ar — do not reflect the corr' Zoroastrian life on; be blairfed for being' .. ,h, — “ —7 can also be h. put their own Our present day priests ¦ few exceptions - rect image of a true our youth. - Gandhiji said, “Your life Zi^ech ” If priests themselves can- ?day do aot comnmnu luv yvux speccu how can that their ancestors in the not h^to^ « „„ „ : om:our; youth? W present day priests have The Parsis today do,not command the your ^ame respect t — - _ - past did amongst the other communities they,.... , . ffi lftdia; It is because we have failed to others and espec ally understand the true value of our religion ° ° ,^no,,iedge of Pur religWh juidl^p to it but have tried to adopt no sufficient knowie g i culture which in reality is not our.town. i, . ,, In those days all Parsis were proud of knowingly .o^ lheir religion. Now we find that many of pur : too, have formed a new bff by running down our having sufficient or any have failed to ? sufficient and in niany Cases th they misguide people unknowingly. the factors involved ii i-' youngsters and a few of the elders, What are^priests so inconf , habit of showmg m^mg oWW^day religion without petent. and amA^T/URISM. fully convinced, and I am sure oUr community is also coif the bulk of the profit is gul^ knowledge of jjoroastrianism. Why has this change iaken place 1 and why this new unpleas ­ ant wave? i. ; Parents are Ijampering attitude to immature youth or in interest in them, results in such deviations. Many parents in religious matters never hours iivei a life that children may take example apart rom K Holvevcr, our priests cannot escape often see tears roliin irem sharings the I am majority of our community vitKSd that the hulK of the profit is gu P mainly responsible. Their ed by Panthakis, (there. mW be a f^ the whims of the exceptions) leaving very i mobeds. The job of a Mohed>; as wfi difficult, hie.prays for i his vocal chords and ilungSi -Wp rolling from his= ^ey^ irritating-Ahem.^. I^ :y little for tl^ some cases lack of poor all know, is very hours together and taxes 18> I often sacrifices his night ’s sleep in order the right kind of people who can be to perform certain.'^ ________ ceremonies. In spite of doing so much for munity. If nothing is done towards the welfare of our Mobed Sahibs, then surely after 10 or 20 years from now, it will be very difficult to find a pacca priest. Let us now consider the advantag^ that / 4--J in the absence of the Panthaki syjstem. . , . Had there been no Panthakis, our^ Mo- has marcfed beds would have received better reWards jne^ures to for their work, which would have ajttrac- > ®ur highly educated Parsi community has never thought seriously of providing such relief ¦m.eas'^es to-our priests, in the form ed in saving the followers of Zarathusht ­ ra from going astray. J “ ’’"'Therefore, the^ ’entire blarne “ for*^ the near downfall of our community, could be attributed to the Panthaky system. It is high: time when people should raise a voice against Panthakis to put an end tp extra profiteering and pay a fair dayls •!!»?! Sjbdreligious looked up to with respect by- the com- his community, what^dpes he _get in r^- turit? —. A meagre ^^ai^ ’diid Ix^sional abubs by sorhe of the md^t educated and so-qalled cultured men and women of pur community. It is disappoim^ng to no|ce that in many cases a common the street is better fed, better dressed and the Parsi community would have gained better respected than a poor Mobed. in the absence of the Panthaki sytetem. man hi ( WhereM^ our country towards providing, relief employees in factories and offices. of Bonus, ^.Proyidexit Fund ..jQr „ Pension, --------- - pelled to work till the last day of their lives, much to their inconvenience and f tecynore and more people of good calibre to accept this profession as their full- time occupation. This would have result- <¦ - Its implications are grave, for the bf a Mobed hardly takes up Mobedy •his full-time career. ' J^hifully wOdld not tike to sjjoil jure and he gets employed full-time else- |vhere ddirig ’Mobld^ '^htt-time. In fecefii years a big band of part-time Trieste has come up, introducing an ele- ^eid of • Amateurism, , Those Athravans Avho do, npt have sufficient knowledge of tour religion and also those who do not Jeven possess the qualities of a priest, ^Cnter into this sort of Amateurism and ^his same band of so^iUe^ ’priests'bring Let us not forget what Professor Fr^h thbout the downfall of our community. In told "" ' ' ' *sh^Ufe W, has failed to attract diet ,No Mobed — No Parsi. ” son The younferi^^ for a fair day ’s work to oi# ¦ '' ¦ 1 Hs fu- ’ * or-. ¦' A great responsibility is on the shoul ­ ders of the Panthakis and I sincere^ ’ appeal to them to pay special attention i|) the welfare of our Mobeds in the interests - of our community. A Panthaki who dchjs not realise this situation, has no right fb occupy the chair. If Mobeds cannot ma!l^ them understand, then we will have to teach them. us — “Save your Athravans. I pre <94 Noshirwan Bapuji Karanjia BeFii Sept, Tm He was born in Bulsar in a very poor burning to ashes in a fire. All his typB- famity of a mobed. He was educated ih writers got warped and became us^eSs. Surat Parsee Orphanage. There he leari^t 4J.hrpi^h,the he^ and ii^uence of Dais- sharthand and tyjjing^ left school and lUrji Khurshid Dab6d 'lie i?e^stabliahed joined as a typist to a secretary of the ’ The ifiSliTfite. The Goveffiffient recognised Nawab of Cambay (Khambat) on a^he Institute in 1943. monthly pay of Rs. 40. Pay being very ' „ small he joined a school as a tutor of . boys of all Physical Culture. Being very honest and ConwfeKti^ whiiout ai^Tees^aad secn- very diligent the Nawab re-employed him ted the gratitude of a number of students, as a part time typist and helped increase inany of them now hold high posts. his monthly income. Economising on every side of life he collected Rs. IpQ, leariit ^Through atfd lUrji KMi the he^ and ii^nence of Dais- He tau^t many poor boys of all very diligent the Nawab re-employed him the gratitude of a number of students, lie Ifivented C^arati shorthand cami to Bombay and purchased a seconj t>o *7r - this nw stTipt The fest examifia- wuh thk tion, result was 100%. Iti his modesty ina class^in CaiXv Mr. ^afanjia said this mention was the g in ca y. ...............grash CMeherhaiS of Gotland hence his J'.,., / , .. ’__________ . -3 ‘Meher Sborthany lie. also established his own e^s entire new estabKshmteS^ ^so ftourishing. hand Remington typewriter for Rs. 75. ing class in Cambay. In 1940 he estahlisfeed Cambay Insti* Qwati shorthand, system is known as tute of Commerce in Surat. As luck jh.j;..; . g ,¦ woidd have it in 1942 he had to see with Commercfal classes and that institution ? ? ? ? ? “ZOROASTRIAN CREDO” I -a- . 1 ? ? ? 1 s <• - ? ? ? ? ? ? ? A Book for every home by Gool K. S. Shavaksha, A very ifeple translation in English of the Gathas, Daily Prayersi and the Life df2dfbaster with simple essay explaining our religion to the children. Rs. 5/- Av ilable at N. M* Tripathi and from the Author, 43 New Marine Lines Bombay —1. i ? J 21Employer —Employee Relations Productivity ty and begins from the time of recruit ­ ment and is strengthened or weakened over the years depending upon how the problems of promotion, increments, bo ­ nus, transfers, discipline are resolved by Management. Unless one is an expert at judging as individual by merely looking at an application form or through a single personal interview, the next best course would be to collect sufficient data about each employee. R. S. POCHKHANAWALA ( Secretary — CENTRAL BANK OF INDIA LTD.) If it is assumed that pecuniary return is the only link between the employer and' the employee to ensure a higher level of productivity, the 64,000 dollar question from the point of view of the employer would be to know exactly how much money the employee wants. If he can'get a reasonably satisfactory answer, he can plan his programme of production accordingly. The 64,000 dollar question from the point of view of the employee, would be to find out exactly how much the emp ­ loyer can pay. If he can be reasonably sure of the employer ’s capacity to pay, he fic basis, with filling in of forms, time would adjust his demand accordingly. Answers from both sides would vary from year to year and a great deal would depend upon how far they can trust each other. Pending attainment of such mutu ­ al trust and understanding, practical so- (a) Colkctioii of Data. Collection of data should be on scienti- consuming interviews, record maintena ­ nce etc., all oTwhich are expensive items, but more reliable than trial and error method. As Banks are reluctant to dis ­ charge Executives once they are hired, the gravity of selection becomes obvious. lutions would have to be found each year. Appointments at higher levels are always entailingdiscussionsandagreementswhich watched by those down the ladder and are quite often revised. Unless income too often if such selections do not make rises proportionately in course of time, sense, they; may damage the morale of the financial position of an institution the company. would deteriorate and ultimately its yery existence would be in jeopardy. I am sure all of us here appreciate that such a danger does exist and therefore it is about time that we take a second look at this Employer-Employee Relationship. Staff Recruitment In a service institution like a Bank,. staff relations are linked with productivi- tive standards of the candidate, appraised 23 too often if such selections do not make (b) Selection of Staff. There are 3 specific steps for scientific recruitment. The first step is determii^ng the present and future needs for Execu ­ tives at various levels for the Bank as a whole. The second is establishing the qualitaIn human relationship, if you deny a in terms of the work he will be required to do. Selection is then based on the proper man his rightful place and he is factual evidence and not just on opinion, shunted into oblivion, don ’t expect him to forgive you. The third is determinging the validity and reliability of the method used. When vacancies occur, selection can be made either by promotions from with ­ in or by outside recruitment L_- — essential purpose must be to prevent dis­ ruption of operations when vacancies (d) Diarchy of Staff and Delegation of Duties. In every department or section, there but the should be a hierchy of staff with specific duties and responsibilities. For every head of a department or section, there occur and a company can keep itself should be at least two persons immedia- supplied with replacements by training a reservoir of potential executives. •I (c) Distribution of worfe and Allocation of Duties. tely below him as understudies of which one should be a younger man below 40. At the time when a vacancy arises, both such incumbents must be considered and selection must be made on merits and not merely on seniority. After selection of staff the next logical step is distribution of work and alloca- Setection of men for promotion, tion of duties. In the Banking industry, there are In every big or small company, recruit- many operational jobs which are mccha- ment is made for the specific purpose erf nical and the sooner such jobs are mecha- carrying out a particular job which at nised the better, but in spite of such me-* that time cannot be done from amongst chanisation there would still be many the existing staff, otherwise any recruit- jobs which are repetitive and monoto ­ ment is redundant. Determining the nous and these would have to be perfor- requireroent and the minimum qualifica- med at a certain level of the Staff. At that tions and experience for a job the next level there will always be clerks available step is to select the right man for the job. who would prefer to do these jobs which Quite often when a vacancy arises and if have the least responsibility and minimum there is no second man to step into the scale of pay as per Bank Awards. I would vacancy, the management just tries to confine my remarks to those of such find a man with sufficient seniority and clerks who resent doing this type of similar scale of pay, and fixes him up in work. An intelligent individual wants that place and hopes for the best. The work that challenges his mental capacity chances of success are 50-50 either way otherwise he feels unhappy and frustra- whenever selection has been made with- ted. At still higher levels of education and out sufficient data. The impact will be understanding, motivation plays a far on lower productivity. more important part than mere pecuni--¦-<***^ if ary return. At that level such a man must needed for succession and also make an be jpdged by results and not by mere day important contribution to good employee to day performance. At z :t:k vkat a gJui. f°^ chance exists to advance ^nd show one ’; office, not only from his company but salutory effect on their morale, also from his collea^es in the same field. However, there will naturally be some Actually seeing people move along the or their hmitations. Such persons need to about, statement of policy than not by their aspirations. a still higher relations. The knowledge that a good a his contribution of intelligent lead to his ability and fulfil one ’s ambition has ^01 only from his company but salutory effect on their morale. also from his collea^es in the same field. However, there will naturally be some whey want responsibility but are not aware line of progress has a more salutory effect of their limitations. Such persons need to about, statement of policy than mere be judged by their performance only and words to that effect. In the Banking in- not by their aspirations. dustry in particular, the very top jobs are perhaps limited but very many open- It is the function of management to promotions can be made in de ­ select personnel and assign duties and through a system of creating this by itself is a full-time occupation hierchy of staff with varying degree of This work cannot be delegated to anyone I'^sponsibility and pay through delegation ’ - ’ ' • a manager powers. An alternative to this method Tt is the function of management to ^js by itself is a full-time occupation, .at a level lower than thaf of a manager. . . ... , - -- Implementation of a policy pro<»r,amme payment of overtime which in the requires a trained staff department capable entails paying ftiore and mdfe of understanding human psychology and disquietin a Personnel Officer who can execute such a programme having knowledge of the internal working of various departments, (f) Identifying Promotable He must have the capacity to extract information tactfully and be impartial towards management and staff and maintain a degree of aloofness charade- _ ww 4.-^x*.*.xxj- XX* u XMX^W WA ^KXJ X/** wx xxxx v QMlXiVk/llV XXVlll years ot chaos have now realised that the outside, which would be equally bad. The pnH; nzmr 4-/^ z. nr... ...... 4.1_______ ______________ , . . . . . fl e ' re J •----------------- — rTym4a ov a OVUliU pi Wgl ailUJ now Ot qualitied men is to provide a sys- of executive development coupled with —_ ____ _ ___ < . n 4,. - F vancement. Selection merely to create a new gene- instructions. Finding men should ration in the image of the old, restricts umeasure. Properly se- Thereby there will be conFornrity’ ’but „ J* x,_- . , . ............................. Management I 1 25•n lays considerable stress on experience but (g) Methods of Selection of it would be advisable to enquire whether a man of long experience, say 30 years, has merely repeated one year ’s experience , 30 times or whether during that period dioates for promotion is vested in a single he has helped increase productivity or individual, it is quite possible that pro ­ trained other men under him who could motions will be quicker, direct and effect ­ replace him at the time of his promotion if such a person knows each and or retirement. every member of the staff intimately. In a large organisation, this may not be possi ­ ble at all. Under such circumstances the second best alternative is to have a Selec ­ tion Committee composed of men having equally diverse qualifications and able to identify such qualities. There should be a Selection Committee at Head Office and a Regional Recommending Commit ­ tee at Branches. Personnel for Promotion. If the power of selecting suitable can- ;;1 In a special study of about 3000 men in U.S.A., there were 8 specific traits to distinguish a promotable person from another. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) position performance. Drive Intellectual ability Leadership Administrative ability Initiative Motivation Creativeness These are abstract qualities but can be partial individuals, and respected as such identified amongst persons you know by the Management and the emp- intimately. An important quality from toyees. the point of view of Banks would be the ability to get along with people which would include tact, poise and appearance. The bare essentials would of course be integrity, good character and knowledge of the work assigned. All these qualities are perhaps found to some degree in most men but it is the right combination which makes a good Banker. If the policy of recruitment from within is strictly followed, it would mean that on the retirement of a Chairman, a new Selection Committee. Committee members must have expe ­ rience of this kind of work. They must devote time and patience to listen and judge rather than dictate. They must be men Of integrity and recognisable as im ­ Whilst selecting and giving a rating the Committee must give equal weightage to the records of the incumbent ’s past per ­ formance as well as to the recommenda ­ tions of his imimediate superiors. There are 2 approaches to rating (a) Self ­ Appraisal and (b) Rating by others. Human beings tend to behave as they are judged by others and if the Selection Committee over a period of years selects and promotes people on the basis of facts ,, , . , —-7------,, and figures, a tradition of impartiality will peon would be recruited which would be built up and there is every likelihood ultimately lead to a conformist society of their decisions being respected by all without bringing any new ideas into the concerned. organisation. Commonsense therefore suggests that an organisation should seek When a decision of a Committee goes the invigorating effect of new blood for against an applicant he is more likely to selection for Executive positions from accept it gracefully if the decision is made external sources as well as from internal by a group of persons rather than an ones. individual. Commonsense therefore 26«-'K' *3r The method suggested may perhaps be are harnessed for creating kinetic energy long, coi^x and exp^sive but until so also in a urganisari^ business leato are willing to commit tensions arising from the differences long, complex and expensive but until so also in r adequate part of their financial resources to the identification of tomorrow ’s lead ­ ers, selection will continue to remain uncertain procedure. (h) RetirCTnent of Experienced OflScers. Vacancies may arise when retirements younger men and cuts efficiency through- be fre^!™ xnr±? introduction of a change. To ensure con ­ tinuance of some old and experienced member, the retirement rules may be Negotiations and Settlement suitably modified to permit retention of of Issues. Superior Executives whose knowledge and experience are essential and such men can be retained as consultants with their former titles but responsibilities should be assigned to younger successors. In certain cases retired Executives could .0® reached between two be appointed on special Advisory Com- ^^^^gnised bodies enjoying equal status, mittees where they work on specific cor- management desires that it should porate problems. recognised as the sole spokesman of What is really needed is a system ® which would permit the organisation to 1^®^® retain the services of a retiree without members. It can claim affecting the enthusiasm of the ambitious represent the employes. If the Union younger men to the responsibilities. Such management obligation may be enforced (if necessary r t exclusively with such a during vacation of the senior). Union. If there he mnrA (i) Management’s approach to staff. The attitude of the management ( lates or stifles creativity. When the a commercial organisation amongst disputants can be made to pro ­ duce new solutions for old problems an rather than settle them for an unhappy compromise. Few employees would be willing to advance any suggestions if there is a stubborn resistance to change. Fewer still have the courage, persistence or the willingness to fight for their ideas. time and not as a last resort to meet _ emergency situation. It is for the mana- gical climate under which opinions cmi be freely expressed with a view to pro ­ moting the interests of the company Productivity can be increased by quick settlement of outstanding issues. An issue is in fact an unresolved dispute awaiting an honourable settlement and a settle- A ¦ once recognised the management should deal exclusively with such a Union. If there be more than one Union, that Union which represents the majori ­ ty of the employees must be recognised . 5. and if they are equally represented both create an atmosphere which either stimu- such Unions should be recognised. The lates or stifles creativity. When the mana- local representatives of recognised Uni ­ gement is tolerant and respects honest ons are generally capable of dealing with differences of opinion the other members the normal local issues such as providing of the organisation eventually adopt the amenities, local working conditions, etc., same manner of acting towards each but the extraordinary issues affecting all other. This does not mean that every- employees should be clearly defined viz pr»zlir hoc +/-> liVc J.. -ri i _,.l__________________ ,• . ’’ vioural Sciolists have^ shown that co- „ •„ occasional a<^ of hostility. Just be dealt with by a Staff Committee. The -------------! on matters can - . . ------ ---------------- --- are generally capable of dealing with differences of opinion the other members the normal local issues such as providing of the organisation eventually adopt the amenities, local working conditions, etc., same manner of acting towards each but the extraordinary issues affecting all other. This does not mean that every- employees should be clearly defined, viz. body has to like everybody else. Beha- salaries, promotions, staff discipline and xi_^. other specific issues as may be mu- operative effort is not necessarily impair- tually agreed upon. All such issues should as in Engineering tensions and pressures decision of such aI r « • 1 . -Z ,'5 •£ within fis jurisdiction must be. accepted settlement. The tough negotiator who by the Union as well as by the Manage- comes to the table looking for a fight ment finafiand irrevocable at least for will certainly get one and perhaps invol- a sp^ific period of time and if the situ- ve everyone with the company footing ation so demands to be reviewed, after a the bills. specific time by the same Committee. Until the principle of limited sovereignty When dealing with tough Union lead- for the Management and the LFnion is ^^s, it would be well to remember that accepted a Committee of this nature ........... ..................... cannot function effectively and it would become a mere forum of discussion with leader has to face his members everyday no powers and no responsibilities. J/’? ’ ’ ^^ilons have accepted the principle limited time and wants action and r — ¦ ¦ '1 ^me of its rights and privileges to the ship. In such situations the self-defence ment and the Staff Union agree to give takes over command and there is the up their right to wage war on each other general fear of loosing face but behind to a joint Committee or at least seek its that veil of toughness there is a human guidance to resolve disputes before taking being eager to bring about a settlement unilateral action. This Committee should if only a compromise could be worked issue on! its merits frcMii out in mutual interest. The important 15k point therefore i^ never to close the door or who is wrong. Dealing wi^ Em^^ency situations. In such a situation the atmosphere is generally charged with emotion and it is perhaps difficult to deal with it rationally unless there is an emergency plan ready to be brought into effect to deal with such a situation by mutual consent. Just as a Society keeps a full-time fire brigade to keep vigil 24 hours in a day irrespective of the number of actual fires reported in a year and by mutual consent it is agreed that such a fire brigade should take over command irrespective of the magnitude ofthefire. On the same analogy an Emer- .uiv. xvauunm gency Committee should be set up within Behaviour is at times mistaken for weak- eacn organisation to deal with such ness but nevertheless there will always ^ergency situations. Decisions of this be those few on both sides of the camp Committ^ must be accepted by both who will understand and appivviait a parties at least during ffie emergency gesture of goodwill and respond with until normalcy prevails. The negotiators overwhelming force to find each other may be aggressive yet not offensive, ca- o... vxxxwivxxai viva ecu u pable oi taking initiative and yet ready bulent leaders. Today ’s challenge skilful in psychologicaily ’’timing The the bills. When dealing with tough Union lead- whilst the management has to face the shareholders once a year, the Union and his term of of^ce is subject to review each year. He is generally obsessed by of limited sovereignity and delegated mediate results to maintain his leader- some of itsrights and privileges to the ship. In such situations the self-defence United. Nations why cannot the Manage- mechanism inherent in all individuals ment and the Staff Union agree to give takes over command and there is the up their right to wage war on each other general fear of loosing face but behind to a joint Committee or at least seek its that veil of toughness there is a human guidance to resolve disputes before taking being eager to bring about a settlement consMfei* each issue onl its merits from f _ * * ¦ , __ ____ _ _ ____ __ is right to negotiations. This does not mean sur- render to intimidation or threats and the best .answer for that would be to have a joint firm action by the Management of all Banks. At times an agitational approach may just be to blow qff steam, but generally it is^a.^elude to a strike. The right to strike through due process of law is re ­ cognised in a Democracy but if at the end of such a struggle any one side is humiliated it can be safely assi:med that hostilities will begin as soon as another opportunity arises. Today all of us are living in times when passions seem to rule. Rational ness^ but nevertheless there will always J appreciate a % J. : may be aggressive yet not offensive. a ¦V j over the emotional walls created by tur- _ - is to management to produce new leaders of tomorrow. {Above is the gist of lecture delivered at National Productivity Council) ca- to.concede requests that are justified and 28 f- '5