Sep 1969

> * KO « ¦ VOL. V No. 11 SEPTEMBER. 1969 1 '¦fidf. *<*r. P E S T O N J I EDULJl POLSON SETH Price 50 PaiseI a VOL. V No. 11 SEPrEMBER 19 69 Contents : EDITORIAL I' Seth Pestonji Edulji Polson The Embrace of Faiths —by P. B. Warden ... Dr. Darashah Nausherwanji Wadia ... An earlier Zoroastrian formula found in The Holy Quran —by Ervad Dr. Jamshed M. Unwala ... Khshnoom —by P, N. Tavaria My Impressions of “Iranshah ”—by Bomi K. F. Shoroff ... " Review—... ... ... Page 11 14 17 19 21 25 27 I f ¦ 4 ¦ I 1 3 7 Managing Editor: P. B. WARDEN, M.& ( Bom. ), D.P.M. (Bom. ) ADVISORY BOARD Dasturji Navroz Minocher-Homji, M.A., B.Ed. Major Adarbad Irani R.A.M.C., D.O.M.S, (Lond); D.O. (Oxon) Mrs. Gool K. Savakshah Mrs. Shera N. Vazifdar, M.Com. Dr. R. C, Cooper, M.Com., Ph.D. ( Econ.), F.C. A. Mr. Jehangir F. Shroff, J. P. Pr^. Mwdir Ardeshir Mody, M.A., LL.B. Dr. Sohrab H. Batliwala, Ph.D, Mr. Bejon N. Desai, M.A„ B.E2h " Mr. Homi Burjor Dhaila, M. A. ( Harvard ) Single Copy: 50 paise. Yearly subscription for 12 issues Rs. 6. Sh. 12/5 for U.K. and 2 dollars for U.S A. Office Address: C/0 Warden ’s (Mysore) Pvt Ltd., 378, Grant Road, BOMBAY 7. Inland. Published and edited by Editor-Proprietor P. B. Warden from 378, Grant Road, Bombay 7 and printed by him at Godrej Memorial Printing Press. Gamadia Colony. Tardeo, Bombay 7. I ! Ip-. Y I a.. rriTCKiAL A REVIEW t I I It may look unusual to take a review in the form of an Editorial. But the disparity existing between our small paper Parsiana and a hugh complex The Times of India Press with its many publica ­ tions is so wide that there is no loss of prestige in recognizing what demands recognition. To coincide with the Parsi Shenshahi New Year India’s premier weekly “The Illustrated Weekly ” had announced its intention to assign liberal amount of space to describe in short the history, philosophy, religion and the, way of life that made the Parsis an integral unit of their land of adoption. With the vicissitudes of history from the ancient times to the near past a microscopic commu ­ nity had taken up the challenge of life and demonstrated the vitality for survival with their peculiar and selective temperamental and psychic make-up. s When the Parsis landed on the soil of India Jadi Rana the ruling Prince, conveyed in symbolic language his idea to the immi ­ grants that there was no room in His State for newcomers. He sent a bowl brimful of milk. The then Parsi leader returned the bowl by putting in it sugar candy to tell the Rana that they will mix with his people in a sweet surrender — thereafter always to maintain sweet relations. Dr. Jal F. Bulsara has in the space at his disposal compressed most of the noteworthy landmarks of history and noteworthy men and women who have left their mark in making history and building up a small race with a big tradition. Our Ancient History is initially legendary and later chrono ­ logical. The Parsis are uptil this day more powerfully influenced emotionally by the legendary and justly respect the chronological tradit ’onal personalities. Cyrus, Darius, Xerxes and other good and great rulers make but history. Gayomard, Hoshang, Jamshid, Faridun, Vishtasp are on the lips and in the heart of all orthodox Parsis and their inclusion would have given a true picture of the Parsi mind. Coming to the history of the recent 300 years Dr. Bulsara has given a panoramic view in well-condensed form without, any sig ­ 3nificant omissions. The Parsis had fought for, t^ir j,Hindu rulers against their aggressors as they had done in the present decade for the Republic and shown their unflinching patriotism as enjoined by the Zoroastrian scriptures. All the good traits that the Parsis had and have are from the teachings of the Prophet Zarathushtra. A beautiful multicoloured full length (of the size of the paper) portrait of Zarathushtra forms an inspiring introduction to the Gathas and other allied scriptures, which are described in the article by Nowsherwan ‘Anzar ’. The Gathas reveal the mind of Zarathushtra and form the material Ahura Mazda directly revealed to Him to be passed on to mankind. “The Spirit of Light and Life” and the “Spirit of Truth ” are emphasised in the Gathas with freedom of choice to accept or reject His teachings. This lofty concept of freedom of choice is the most distorted and the most misused sentence by the protagonists from the opposing camps into which opinions may have been divided. This is used as a tool of convenience as best suits the protagonists. When a sage or a lofty soul gives freedom of choice obviously it is only in relation to his utterances and never an unbridled license to interpret anything and everything in terms of one ’s own likes and dislikes as the present generation is wont to look at our total religious lore. There is no freedom without corresponding restrain. A life without inhibitions is a notional exist ­ ence and never realizable. Avestan script is inserted to give the idea of its lettering . logical similarity in Rig-Vedic Sanscrit and ancient Avesta is shown in some of the words of identical phonetic resonance. The Gathas a^e named and freely versified selections from them acquaint the readers with their meaning and purpose, echoeing their Spiritual truths. Talwalkar ’s drawings of symbolic horse-man and Farohar are printed in the appropriate subdued tone to blend with cosmos enclosed bet ­ ween them. i A facsimi.e of this pronouncement in Philo- The old-standing custom of Parsis praying to water-goddess Avan for the boon she bestows on all living creatures is shown as devoteespraying on steps and rocks along the coast, sands of Chowpatti and Bhikha Behram Well. A selective list of prominent Parsis with their portraits and sketches of their life is gratifying. Many of them have always been all India figures except our Zubin (apology to Miss Kanga) of recent 4I fame here. The figure that figures prominently now is the stately figure of General Maneckshaw in a stand-at-ease pose with Mrs. Maneck- shaw. The General Commands the confidence of the nation. Is General Maneckshaw ours or not ? “Apro ” (our) is a term of endearment not of possession. 9 “The Splendoured One”, a play recently performed under the auspices of The Time and Talent Club re-enacted the ancient scenes of the life of Zarathushtra. The presentation of it is as vivid and colourful on the paper as it was on the stage. For sheer artistic beauty Maidyoma in the posture of supplication before Zarathushtra is a credit to the art of printing. The' sacred ceremonies initiation as Naavar, inclusion Navjote and Blessings of Wedded life are explained in brief and snapped in seven pictures. Other scenes of daily life complete the picture series with diagrams of the Tower of Silence as "our ” system of disposal of the dead. I as ¦j Humour in the alphabetical list of Parsi surnames is telling — something informative, something enjoyable. For Ear Plug, Ear Plug article transposition of the title would have been more appro ­ priate. Ear Plug, Ear Plug Here Cometh Bachi Kanga. The humour is cheap and the substance of the essay is a collection from street corner gossips. There is nothing exclusively Parsi in the world of gossip. Here goeth Bachi Kanga. The Community should feel grateful to the Editor for select ­ ing a minority community as a subject for his esteemed Weekly. All normal people are well-disposed towards all other people and feel some satisfaction in learning something about their beliefs, customs, systems and ways of life. In Parsiana I had an article on Granth Sahib which was greatly appreciated by the readers. It gave them a new orientation to study their neighbour and found the neighbour so like ­ able. Such writing is a step forward towards Integration for Integra ­ tion is knowing one another well enough to like them. Pamana had reserved and has purchased 25 Copies of Illustrated Weekly of 31st August 1969. They will be needed. 5? Seth Pestonji Eduiji Polson » I I f 1 I j 1 1 In a spirit of bravado which was more in keeping with the times in which he was born, a thirteen year old boy left his house, with practically nothing but a soul that he could call his own, to seek his fortune in the world of business. They say, “Fortune favours the fool, ” but she also smiles on the enterprising. Pestonji Eduiji Dalal, better known as Pestonji Eduiji Polson, found the going good right from the start, although he had to work extremely hard in the beginning to make his efforts pay. ed why the name ‘Polson’ was selected. It originated from the fact that Pestonji used to be addressed in his childhood, by his pet name ‘Polly ’ and from that he made up the word ‘Polson ’. Business steadily increased and he shifted his office to Times Building in 1905, from where he went to a still bigger place at Hornby Road in 1907. After a short time the Hornby Road premises were found too small and he shifted his organization to Frere Road, behind the G.P.O., in 1910. Managing to scrape together a small sum of money — Rupees one hundred, to he precise — he purchased a small coffee grinding machine (hand-operated of course), and rented out a small shop in the heart of the city, which were then readily available, jas the system of Pugree was unknown in those days. Pestonji used to buy small quantities of roasted coffee beans, grind them himself, and go round and sell his coffee powder. For a long time he combined in himself all posts, from proprietor to coolie. This hard work paid off and Pestonji slowly but steadily built for himself a business as well as a name for uniform quality of his product. From the small shop which he had rented out at Rs. 8/- a month, he shifted to a slightly larger place near the Craw ­ ford Market, in 1900. It was at this place that he named this concern Polson Com- piny. Many there are, who have wonder- By the turn of the century, Pestonji conceived the idea of blending coffee with chicory so as to make it more palatable, agreeable and beneficial. This blend he called “French” Coffee as the blending was done according to a famous French recipe. The sales of this coffee, even to- " day, exceed those of any other manufac­ tured or sold in this country, and Poisons are the recognised pioneer manufacturers of French Coffee in the East. Pestonji got a good chance when the Boer War broke out. Supplies were then being sent out to the troops from India, and Pestonji ’s Coffee was bought in large quantities. When World War I broke out, Pestonji was asked to supply coffee to the armed froces in very large quantities, and it was during this period that he establish ­ ed his business on a very sound footing. During, the same War, Col. Dickson who was in charge of supply of food to 1 I t9 lakhs of rupees, which in present day terms would be a much bigger amount of money. Pure quality butter can only be manufactured if everything is done on scientific and hygienic principles. In fact, in the ideal manufacturing process, the milk should pass from one stage to another absolutely untouched by hand, till it is turned into butter. Not only is proper machinery required for this, but it is also essential that the Creamery building should be suitably situated in a healthy location and be perfectly dust-proof and sanitary with everything sterilised. Pestonji saw to it that Polson Model Dairy at Anand was specially built on these lines. the Army, remarked to Pestonji that he pelled at a time when butter manufac- was finding it extremely difficult to obtain turers in India were reluctant to invest good quality butter. This induced'Pestonji even a couple of thousand rupees in the to emabark on manufacturing of butter manufacturing process. It is interesting which, on test, was found so good that the to note that under such circumstances, the Army contracted for its purchase on a Anand Dairy was put up at a cost of seven very large scale. This was in 1915. In order to improve the supplies of cream, Pestonji made arrangements, at considerable expense, by which he placed his own milk separators in different villages in the Charotar area of Kaira District, to obtain supplies of pure, clean cream for the manufacture of his butter in Bombay. The cream thus obtained by him in Bombay was manufactured into butter with great care and under expert super" vision, but even then Pestonji considered that everything possible was not being done to ensure a supply of thoroughly sterilised cream. Having a persevering nature from his very childhood, and always endeavouring to bring everything to a successful fulfil ­ ment, Pestonji went very deep into the question of butter industry in India and on the Continent and wondered why India should not be able to manufacture butter, on the same principles, for instance, as those adopted by leading firms in Denmark. Accordingly, at considerable expense, Pestonji deputed to Europe one of . his highly paid European officers to study butter manufacturing conditions there and to select for Polson’s Dairy the latest and best designed machinery similar _ „ _ „ _ __________ to that being then used in European the farmer was pitiable, mainly because he In Commencing with a relatively small output, the Anand Dairy gradually and consistently increased its production the year 1934, some modifications were made in the manufacturing process and the Vacuum Pasteuriser was introduced. This was the first Vacuum Pasteuriser in­ stalled in a Dairy in the East. The Dairy continued to increase its output till it reached the maximum of about three million pounds in the war year of 1943. Prior to the establishment of Polson Model Dairy at Anand, the condition of countries. unable to obtain cash returns for his This was the origin of Polson Model milk. He had no alternative but to con- I>airy at Anand. It was conceived and im- vert his milk into cream by a crude process 8I « I 4' and carry it for miles to sell it to a cream and also operated a cheese factory at merchant. This meant considerable frit- Anand, on behalf of the Government, and tering away of energy and time and also a delivered substantial quantities of cheese lot of waste of the skimmed milk, because for the Defence Services to the entire satis- the farmer was unable to utilise it in any faction of all concerned. Polson ’s were the other way except as cattle food or manure, only people in India who could undertake The establishment of Polson 'Model Dairy the manufacture of cheese at this crucial at Anand gave badly needed encourage- period, when cheese which was part of ment to the animal husbandry industry in Britkh Ration could not come ^through the villages adjoining Anand, and Pestonji ’s system of making daily cash payment, for all purchases ensured a steady flow of ready money directly in the hands of the farmers at all seasons of the year. Further, to save trouble to the far ­ mers who were situated at, long distances from the Dairy, Pestonji established, at considerable expense, Milk Collecting Centres right in the villages and also plac­ ed his own Mik Separators there. the Pacific on account of the Japanese Blockade. During this same period, Pes- tonji supplied to the .U S. Forces, sta ­ tioned in South East Asia, large quantities of pure coffee. The supply office of the U. S. Forces rendered great assistance to Pestonji in the construction of premises necc ’sary for the mass production of coffee required by them and also assisted in get ­ ting supplies of the materials necessary for the construction of the premises. Pestonji has equipped his coffee factory with the In the year 1940, when a Creamery latest machinery, for coffee roasting. Butter Conference was held in New Delhi grinding and blending, and has also instal- under the auspices of the Agricultural led the latest tin container manufacturing Marketing Adviser to the Government of plant for coffee containers. The giant India, Polson ’s representatives attended it roasting machine at the Polson Coffee by invitation and played an important Factory is the only one of its kind in part in the formation of the Agmatk India. It has a roasting capacity of 8,00G Scheme whereby Government permitted lbs. of coffee per day. Apart from roast- the use of the “Agmark ” Seal on products ing, the machine automatically removes of those manufacturers who agreed to ma- all husk and foreign particles in the pro- nufacture butter in accordance with the standard laid down by the Office of the Agricultural Marketing Adviser and who also agreed to have samples of their manu ­ facture examined by the Inspectors of that office. I cess. Sometime in the year 1945 the Govern ­ ment of Bombay initiated negotiations with Pestonji for supply of whole milk for Bombay City. Although up-to-date ma­ chinery was not available and could not During the Second World War, Polson then be imported, he nevertheless esta- Model Dairy at Anand supplied to the blished, with what equipment was avail- Government of India many hundreds of able, a pilot plant for processing milk and tons of butter for the Defence Services demonstrated conclusively that milk could 9be cdllected and processed at Anand and could be transported to Bombay and delivered in first-class condition. This pilot plant had then a capacity of process ­ ing 17,000 lbs. of whole milk per day, which capacity was doubled in December, 1946, at the request of the Government and since then supplies to Bombay from Anand reached the peak of over 50,(X)0 lbs. per day. After operating the scheme for six years, to the entire satisfaction of all concerned, the Government took away this work from Pestonji and entrusted it entirely to a co-operative organization. ported from New Zealand, Britain and Germany. Tile outlay on thus new enter ­ prise has been about two million rupees. The establishment of this Polson Model iDairy in Patna is yet another important milestone in the career of Pestonji, the architect of the Dairy Industry in India, in fact the man who has put India on the Dairy Map of the world. This is a unique achievement for a per ­ son who was neither born with a silver spoon in his mouth, nor had an opportu ­ nity to have even elementary education Germany. Tile outlay on thus new enter- In keeping with the spirit of the times, namely promotion of new industries and expansion of the existing ones, Pestonji Perhaps it was his instinctive reaction conceived the idea in 1949 to explore the against all the cruel negations poverty im ­ possibility of founding a Dairy in the poses on humanity that made Pestonji State of Bihar. A pilot plant was establi ­ shed-in Khagaul in 1950, and during the short span of six years, Poisons have the proud privilege of getting recognition from tte State Government for their efforts for development of Dairy Trade in the State. put his best foot forward. When Pestonji was twenty-three he married his cousin, Dhunmai Mehta, a married his cousin, Dhunmai Mehta, lady of exceedingly sweet temperament, who believed in, and practised the old maxim, “a woman ’s place is in the home. ” The Poisons have one daughter Jer (wife The establishment of the industry by of Late Lt -Gol. J. D. Kothawala), and Pestonji in Bihar has helped in increasing son Minoo. Both the son and the son-in- the cattle wealth of Bihar. Producers are law were Direc^tors of the Poison Limited having a ready market for their milk and and also jt. Managing Directors along with cream and they are getting cash payment pestonji. which proves extremely useful in invest ­ ment in new cattle and purchase of fodder The vicissitudes which beset an indiyi- and improvement of their own standard dual generally, have come Pestonjfs way of living. Payment to suppliers for their in no shtall measure, and hence he always cream is made on accurate laboratory test Jiad a soft cwncr for those in need. In the which gives them thorough satisfaction Mission Hospital at Anand, he construct- - and a larger and more uniform monetary ed a Parsi Ward, built buildings for hospi- gain throughout the year than from any tals at different places and also construct- other sources. ed Wells in the different villages in Kaira District. Pestonji has also founded several Having worked a pilot plant to the charitable trusts aggregating to 40 lakhs entire satisfaction of all concerned, of rupees. Over two and a half million Pestonji embarked upon building in rupees have already been distributed Bihar, the country ’s most modern Dairy, froni these trusts, since their inception, in consultation with world renowned Dai- and numerous persons have benefited ry Engineers, and the latest equipment for from the large-heartedness of this unique it for butter manufacturing had been im- personality. The vicissitudes which beset an jndiyi- ¦“ ............. r of living. Payment to suppliers for their in no^ht^ measure, and hence he always 10¦I i i • TH EMBRACE OF FAITHS by P. B. WARDEN “There is but one eternal truth, one uni- break and at Sun-set. It is the curiosity versal infinite and changeless spirit of love that builds up Philosophies and Tradi ­ tions but the element of curiosity is not the essential part of the religion or of the study of it. What man did to his acquired awareness and how he viewed it under his individual stresses and strains to create and wisdom and one light for all in which whole humanity lives. Theosophy is the nucleus of such universal religion. Truth is universal and impersonal. It- is beyond and above our consciousness. From it sounds reverberating in Eternal Echo a Perennial Philosophy of an Eter- his compartmental philosophy and cir- nal Religion. Such religion is not for any cumscribed traditions is the search of the one ’s glorification but fo; making our path easier to walk or tread ” — Madam Blavatski. Comparative Religion The path of least resistance is usually followed in such studies. Rites and rituals are tabulated. A vague search is begun to re- Religion in its literal meaning is some ­ thing, some power , some desire, sense, some sensibility to which we are prove who copied who, all the time attracted and drawn in to be bound to it — maining completely unmindful of the fact whatever^that it may be. The word comes j^^y be some or several things common to many and that there may be no copying. Where the quest is the same the that pulls man back to bound ’down to ““y some sense, some sensibility, some unfa- “ life the discovery of religion thomable potentiality, which religion has is the discovery of the way of life and the acquired through Revelation to divinely highest common factors are noticed in the inspired souls or through the deeper un- some from its Latin root re - btick and ligare - to bind. Even if thrown out and away in the whirlwind of life religion is something religious practises of the neighbourhood. der.s>.wdmg of Nature as a whole. It is guch a study of comparative religion that usually the combination of the two and sublimation of one out of the two makes for two classes of religion —The Revealed most interests the Zoroastrians is Hindu ­ ism. We here tabulate the common fact- Religion and The NaLral Religion. But ors, where obviously both are mutually such classification is more or less artificial ; influencedTrom the days of the Aryavrata, like witnessing the self same sky . at day- the home of their common origin. JIIrano — Aryans 1. Irano-Aryans stayed where they were or migrated northwards towards Europe ! Aryans are a clan of noblemen, hos ­ pitable to strangers, trying to live up to the original nobility, ideas and ideals. 2. Identity and not differences are em ­ phasised in the common language and the common inspiration. 3. Avesta has come down to us in frag ­ ments. 4. Both have values and rich values 5. Central idea of the message is the Ehgnity of man ’s individuality and therefore his moral responsibility to choose good or not-good. His respon ­ sibility lies in the fact that his choice will not affect only him but it will affect entire humanity The law of Asha is unbending and rigid and will operate with certainty. 6. Zarathushtra is a title like Buddha or Christ and the knowledge passed on by our Prophet is the transmission of the preceding Zarathushtra ’s cumula ­ tive and corrected version through inspirations in succession. f In^Aryans "" 1. Indo-Aryans migrated southwards to the South of the Indus river carrying down with them the same traits of noblemen. The Jan Sangh party now insists that all who live south of the Indus River call themselves Hindus and make India Hindusthan. If reli ­ gious tolerance continues the idea is not wrong. In any case we all are Indians and if word Hindu would mean the same thing national cohe ­ sion may become easier 2. Same I 3. Vedas have come down almost com ­ plete 4. Both have values and rich values 5. Man thinks and chooses for himself either good or evil and because the law is supreme the total emphasis is on Karma and its reward and ret ­ ribution. the know- 6. Sanatan Dharma is ledge collected and transmitted to human society by meh of deep un ­ derstanding and devotion to some di­ vine purpose. 7. Zoroastrianism is therefore an In­ spired Religion. 7. Collection of cumulative wisdom of the sages and belief is based on wor ­ ship of a deity favoured by a sage or a saint in his own region and time 8. Amesha Spenta, six divine forces per ­ sonified and synthesised in Ahura (7) 8. Prajapatis (7) of Vedanta are the lords of being and the lords of life' and give life to all 12V 9. Logos (In Greek it means “the word ” and its philosophy means the active principle living in and determining the world). The logos of Zoroastrian ­ ism is Ahu, the eternal without begin­ ning or end — working in the Zar- vane Akarne, the limitless time of du ­ ration in a circle of no point of begin­ ning and no point of end.; 10. Cult — Sun or Surya. Life is lived through and swayed by Surya and agni is its approachable form. To se­ rve sacred fire is to serve truth. He who speaks truth loves sun. He who lies is against the sun for him there is Darkness in life 99 I 11. In the word Avesta Zoroastrians claim priority in point of time. What Zarathushtra gave was “Agushta unheard of before (gush - ear) and the Iranians called their scripture A-VED-TA: not-known-till then (Avesta) It is therefore fragmentary 12. Zoroastrianism has its own specific concept of Fravashi. According to Kellett (Short History of Religion) Fravashi was not exactly a guardian angel but apparently the external soul of man sharing in the determina- ‘ tion of his personality. With the Jews it became the Michael or Gabriel of man ’s little kingdom and was regarded as separate from him but always in close attendance. It retained enough of its old character to be in a sense a Man’s soul lives on as double. Re­ birth is not favoured. man ’s double. 9. Logos of Hinduism is Brahma —the synthesis of Prajapatis, functioning in Satt, universal abstract boundless space, the knowable deity immanent. 10. Cult. Agni, Surya 11. Vedas are scriptures which are com ­ pilation of things known (Ved: Knowledge). It is therefore coherent. 12. Hindu scripture does not admit of any Guardian angel or any character to be in a sense,man ’s double. Man has no counterpart. Man’s soul is immediately transferable after death for Re-birth. Avesta and Vedas held crescentic Arch ” Over minds ’ and spirits ’ long triumphant march ” — S. S. Dubash. n. 13r ^”7^ •s BORN SURAT: 1883 NEW DELHI 1969 fl' IZ . -i Dr. DARASHAH NAUSHERWANJIWADIA, M.A, F.G.S., F.R.S. (Padma- Bhushan) A great Geologist of International status mother who was a strict disciplinarian has passed away leaving behind him a and taught him the value and the virtue of glorious record of work achieved in Geo- self-discipline. How much that contribut- logy during a period when geology was a ed to his greatness may remain unknown neglected subject. As much as we can say —only his life tells the story. When he was about his natural high intelligence (Ash- 12 years old the family shifted to Baroda nide Kherad), a gift which nature bestows where he prosecuted his studies under his from birth, we can say about his self- eldest brother Munch^rshah who was a disciplined life. There are certain rules of well-known educationist of advanced game in life. Average intelligence can per- views. It is Manchershah who instilled form average task and stop at that. Supe- into him love of learning and in his college rior intelligence can be frittered away. Age days his Prof. Adarji Masani, a learned old rule of life is that children do need naturalist, initiated him into the intricacies guidance to be able to understand them- of geology and trained him in the subject, selves and mould themselves for self-disci- In those days Geology as a subject had pline. The modern school of thought to received no attention and the academic leave children to the winds of their whims circles had also neglected it. He had there- and fancies until wisdom dawns on them has more often produced a crop of young generation who have failed to develop themselves even to the level of common sense leave alone sagacity. Darashah was fortunate. He grew up in his early years under the influence of his paternal grand- have any foreign qualification. fore to learn this subject by himself and later in life he proudly declared himself “a purely swadeshi product” because though he had travelled wide on work and duties in Western countries he did not j 14¦I i > In 1907 he was appointed Professor of Geology in Prince of Wales College (Ka­ shmir). There his contact with two emi ­ nent learned men Mr. Framjee Dadina and Mr. S. Robinson, egged him on to pursue Geology and helped him to esta ­ blish his name and fame. He put India on the map of geology. He carried out Geological Survey of India (1921-39) par ­ ticularly of the rich mineral deposits in the Punjab and the districts of Hazara and Kashmir. His three famous publications (1) Geology of India (2) Geological Form ­ ation of Nanga Parbat and Gilgit District and (3) The New Ideas on the Himalayas opened the eyes of the world to the hidden I Besides all these he acted as advisor to treasures of the country. He now took Governments^ of Ceylon and Egypt, the place in the circle of noted scientists. was Chairman of the Indian Oceonogra- phic Research, he led many Indian Dele- In 1942 he was elected President of 29th gations to the foreign countries — especi- Session of Indian Science Congress. In 1944 he became President of 22nd International Geological Congress and next year led Indian Delegation of 23rd International Geological Congress held at Prague. That time he visited Sweden in connection with Atomic Energy Commi ­ ssion. Dr. Wadia established the Indian Bu ­ reau of Mines and for many years was President of mining and Metallurgical In­ stitute. His meritorious services in discovering locating and developing country ’s mineral wealth and particularly Thorium and Ura ­ nium for Atomic Energy Establishment had won him the honour of Padma-Bhu- shan, but this is inadequate recognition of a man whose work has in a way changed the course of the country ’s destiny. ally connected with Atomic Energy Com ­ mission in which matter he was closely in contact with Late Dr. Homi Bhabha. The Prime Minister of India (Mrs. Indi­ ra Gandhi), The President of India (Mr. V. V. Giri) and Dr. Vikram Sarabhai (Chairman Atomic Energy Commission) paid tributes to his significant contribu- He was the recipient of great honours tions in promoting the interests of Atomic being elected Fellow of the Royal Geolo- Energy Establishment. gical Society which bestowed on him Beck Award (1934), The Royal Geological So- With his death the country has lost the ciety bestowed Loyal Medal (1943), foremost Geologist of India. He died in With his death the country has lost the Leopold-von-buch plaque of the German harness at the age of 86 years — till the Geological Society Hanover, was bes- last days using clear mind and ample towed on him for very valuable guidance energy in directing various issues with his --------------- 1 vast experience. He was always at peace remain so Government of India for survey work. given by him to its President when he had ” ^^me to India at the invitation of the with self and others and shall in the Garodman. 15I I An earlier Zoroastrian formula found in The Holy Quran in by Ervad Dr. JAMSHED M. UNWAEA, M.A PHD J 0 The question as to the relative date of the Qor ’anic formula Bismillah ir-Rahman ir-Rahim and the Zoroastrian formula ba nam-e Khoda ba nam-e Yazad Bakhsha- yandah Bakhshayashgar Mehrban, has arrested the attention of some scholars. I beg to make the following remarks on this important subject. L No Sassanian or later Zoroastrian the intermediary of the Christians, inscription is preceded by the above Zoro ­ astrian formula, as it has never got that which would correspond to Persian Bakh ­ shayashgar and to Arabic ar-Rahman. 4. Prof. Inostrantzev has amply shown in his writings the Zoroastrian influence on early Moslem writers. The Zoroastrian eschatological ideas have influenced the Jews of the post-exilic period, and through these ideas have crept into Islam through 4 5. Some Zoroastrian prayers begin magical and apotropaic* significance Zoroastrian formula (in Persian) which the Qor ’anic formula has in the Khoda ba nam-e Yazad Bakh- Islamic (Shi ’ite) tradition. shayandah Bakhshayashgar Mehrban, co- 2. Zoroastrian inscriptions of the Par ­ sis of India are often preceded by the for ­ mulas ba nam-e Dadar Hormazd or ba namo vari-e Dadar Hormazd. 3. Prof. E. G. Browne and Hasting ’s lations do not seem to go back, according Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, to Hasting ’s Encyclopaedia of Religion Vol. II, 666 b, opine that the Qor ’anic and Ethics, Vol. X, 550 b, much before formula was borrowed from the religious the era of its first Latin translations by phraseology of the Jews and the Christi- Robert of Reting and Hermann of Dal- ' ans. But Jahveh (Jehovah) of the Jews is never spoken of as a merciful god. On the contrary, he is exacting strict obedience i from his believers and is ruthlessly reven- significance. shayandah Bakhshayashgar Mehrban, mposed originally in Pahlavi-Pazand in the fourth century A.D, 6. The Qor ’an was put into writing in the middle of the seventh century A.D. at the earliest. Its Persian and Turkish trans ­ Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, to Easting ’s Encyclopaedia of Religion Vol. II, 666 b, opine that the Qor ’anic and Ethics, Vol. X, 550 b, much before formula was borrowed from the religious the era of its first Latin translations by geful towards those who fall his path and break his matia in 1143. 7. Moreover, the Zoroastrian formula is longer than the Qor ’anic one, as it has in the beginning ba nam-e Khoda and at away from the end Mehrban, which are wanting in ---------aiv wauuug in Th» r-i, ¦ f J ¦ omniandments. the latter formula. The author of the Gln<; The Christian god is mentioned only as , - ¦ - -------- 1 AramaicandSyriac, dah Bakhshayashgar with Alaha Marhamana in sary of the Desatir equates Bakhshayan- 1 ar-Rahman ar- 17Rahim, cf. .Villiers,, L^on Pet^frUli-.- ,W.o^*°Paic..'^^?r^,ol L^origins \n3jm,-BDnn,8e ar Rlienum, 1864. of apo from or away from and txopus of apo from or away from and tropus , turn or turning signifies a word or expres- 8. ' Prdm what ipie^edes, it is certain sion turned or changed for proper expres ­ that the ^orousfriart formula is earlier (of sion or emphasis. Thus any phrase or the fourth fientury .AJD;) than the Qor ’anic one. passage from scriptures turned to give moral interpretation and significance. ? t -k —o X ^^1 i Boys’ Town NASIK We Invite attention of parents to this famous Boarding School iaDnBiaBEaQnBBaBaBjnQEfflQEaanQQBQBnEraBQnnQQnEannEiatanoneaBonnnEzaQEanBiaQBQeaBaBzzaaotanB!^ jj ----- H ? a D ra S D ? sa ? . H ? ? ? S3 Q ts N ? . - ? S3 B B B B B a a I wholesome diet - Opportunity for out-door sports- | I Open-air games —Care . of health —Building of | I character along with sound education | I The late heth P. Mehta’s Munificence I I HAS MADE BOYS’ TOWN A MONUMENTAL EDUCATIONAL | I INSTITUTION OF REPUTE. | B {Concessions lo Porsee Students will be conside ed by the Trustees) B ' , a i Inquiries—iMr. Bejon N. Desai, m. a .. b.t. Principal. g liOBBBBBBiaBBBBBaBBBBBiaBBaBaBBBaBCiaBBBaBBBBBaaiaBBaBBBBBBBniaaQBBBBBBBBCinBBB? 18^ P. N. Mehta Education Trust | B 0 RUNS I B B B a B B B ^B.-; a Q B B . . _ , . B for boys of all ages and all communities. g Efficient staff-Individual attention-HygienicaHy | wholesome diet - Opportunity for out-door sports— Open-air games —Care . of health —Building of character along with sound education The late heth P. N?, Mehta’s Munificence HAS MADE BOYS’ TOWN A MONUMENTAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF REPUTE. {Concessions to Pcrsee Students will be conside ed by the Trustees) Inquiries—iMr. Bejon N. Desai, m.a ., b.t. Principal.KHSHNOOM O, Triple Light on Date of Zarathushtra ELECTRONIC ENGINEER. (B.C. 7^51) A. 1. E. R. E. (U. K.) A. I. E. £. E. (U. S. A,) A. 1. Mar. Tech. (India). Radio Officer. The following is the broad outline of > s P. N. TAVABSA The controversy over the date of Zara ­ thushtra has arisen when the modern phi- that missing history : lological scholars set themselves to calcu ­ late and verify that distant date of 6000 ^079 years the Kayanian dynasty conti- B.C. They found a huge gap of over 5300 years in the history of ancient Iran, they of this was of the birth and could not find any historical chronicles. Revelation in India of Lord but on the contrary, they found mention Shri Krishna (B. C. 5422- in Pahlavi of the religion having been dis- 5382). History of this whole turbed after 300 “years ”. This period of period of 2079 years is com- 3()0 years was almost “synchronous ” with estroyed, the destruction of Iran by Alexander the ” Indian rule over Iran (B.C. Great in B.C. 320. This aroused the mis- 5382-5282); guided belief in the scholars, (300 years preceding 320 B.C.), and they came to the conclusion that Zarathushtra lived in the neighbourhood of 600 B.C. However, the nearest Date, according to the calculations 1629 of the heavens is B.C. 7,551. Ustad Saheb Behramshah Shroff has shed new light on it from three angles: (1) from clues to ancient Iranian dynasties of Huafrit and Kudurvand unknown to philology scholars; (2) from 300 “years ” mentioned in Pahlavi which really refer to _ — ‘Kar-Saal ’ (year) system of reckoning; and 5434 (3^ from system of “Calculations of the heavens ”. (1) Regarding the history of ancient 2027 Iran, the philological school is completely in the dark except for the 90 years ’ rule of King Kae Vishtasp from the time of ------ the Revelat ’on by Holy Zarathushtra up 7551 to the king ’s death, (mentioned in Bunde- hesh; 34). 100 1626 90 99 Huafrit (Yt. 5, 130) dynasty ; (B.C. 5282-3656); history mis ­ sing. or ” Kudurvand dynasty (continu ­ ation of Huafrit dynasty un ­ der new name) terminated in B.C, 2027 due to King Zara ­ thushtra ’s (Hukhshathra Oxyartes) defeat by Assyrian monarchs Ninus and Semira- mis. (B.C. 3656-2027); history missing. , This gap of 5434 years mains unaccounted for. mentioned above of the reign of King Vishtasp History available dating from the above defeat and the Chri ­ stian era, re- 99 99 99 B.C. Date of Zarathushtra ac ­ cording to the “Calculations of the heavens ”. 1^religion even if we in all its ramifications. It is therefore, not to ignore t — - gion sity as a matter be at present sub-judice. do not understand it lous thing about reasonable, sometimes do happen . After a , vv..- -J expect freedom from bonci the unworthy self. But until self disillusionment L — _ After alh it is hu- expect freedom from bond- man nature to age of t — of tact, even though it ^^X’ili^t'su^pticiously works itself out to free a mortal, free him from him- proud to lend credence — AND he resolve to try to do better that is about all I prayed for at IRANSHAH” for nothing is greater. the claim of reli- ;ion and pooh-pooh it but accept religio- it cannot grasp the I, for one, am NOT credulity — to the inspired and ins- piring “IRANSHAH”. My roost favour ­ able impression of it is its atmosphere. It better or satisfying gives the feeling of being in the roidst of some regal presence easy to I where it becomes - J bring the best out of one ’s heart. Sanctified spots are not dens of magicians. But as Chesterton has said: “the miracu- Thanks, indeed, to the tolerance of Hin­ du rulers of India — both, then and now have been enabled to maintain our —we traditions. 1 8 JEENA & COMPANY Travel, Clearing, Forwarding, Warehousing Agents (g) 22 head office- 10, VEER NARIMAN ROAD. FORT, BOMBAY-1. Tel. 258413 & 256942 SODIRIH TABLET FOR SWEETNESS THAT IS Imotsuorr • Non Caloric, Non Nutritive Sweetener • indicated In Diabetic Diets Mi • 1 Tablet- • No Bitter Stable tn • Dissolves . 2 Teaspoons Supsf. Alter Taste And Completely Cooking, Baking 4 Heating. r’ _ ________ 'immed’ateiy in'Warm Liquids • Packing Of 100 And 500 Tablets. branches at NEW DELHI & CALCUTTA Roc I-. AMbtr)' MS |i » fei I- f ¦y Hid'd - H4Ul«i’ yi<^ |•¦Hl41 S^S ^SlUlllHi HlHUi^ft ^^^Hl^Mldl 3d)|i ilH^l^li ^al«l ^IH Sj. 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SHI, x4lH5$lR, =H=-:my, “WIH” ai ="<=^€1 Sin'll •{iH’dct 5 5t«ll ilH^l aa^qCH SlHll. §51 shVI =Hl«lH, #|’ji qSl aHVi U^, lcn44iTi' 4Hxi “’¦n't^n”. 'n *ii’i«ii 4 >n I < ., wiv aM ^i4l%4i ! 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