All Parsis are not Zoroastrians

Many believe erroneously that all Parsis are Zoroastrians, and vice versa. The nearly three lakh practising Zoroastrians in countries around the Caspian Sea are not Parsis. And quite a few Parsis are not Zoroastrians, like late Rajiv and Sanjay Gandhi. Though born of a Parsi father, neither was navjoted nor believed in Ahura Mazda and his prophet, Zarathushtra. After his assassination, when Rajiv Gandhi was accorded national honor, his Parsi relatives did place a sudreh- kusti on the funeral cortège.
Although there is no legal or ecclesiastical authority for the proposition, without a navjote, a Parsi is not regarded as a Zoroastrian. In the absence of any records or system of certification, a simple assertion by a Parsi that he has been navjoted will suffice. Though some do not like to take chances. Neville Wadia in his eighties and Nusli Wadia in his fifties were navjoted, a little belatedly, through the orthodox Dastur (Dr) Firoze Kotwal who had termed Parsis marrying interfaith as being guilty of adultery. Of course, for the learned priest, goose and gander don’t require the same sauce.
It is possible that you may be navjoted and yet not be regarded as Zoroastrian. This can happen in two situations. If you are navjoted but your father is not a Parsi (there are priests now who will gladly navjote you, even if both your parents are not Parsis) and, secondly, if you convert to another faith, openly or otherwise. We know of two unrelated Parsi ladies, both born of blue-blooded Parsi parents and married to a Parsi, and though not baptised, were practising Christians (one of them regularly played the piano during Sunday Mass). When they were widowed, they had to sit outside the Doongerwadi bungli, like any other non-Parsi.

Rajiv (left) and Sanjay Gandhi: Parsis but not Zoroastrians

For our younger readers, it is best perhaps to reiterate the legal position. Parsi is a race, Zoroastrianism is a religion. To enter most fire temples and Towers of Silence and to be regarded as beneficiaries of almost all Parsi charities, you have to be both — a Parsi and a Zoroastrian. There are some rare trust deeds where the beneficiary need only be a Zoroastrian (mostly out of inadvertence, not design). To be regarded as a Parsi, at least your father must be a Parsi.
A micro-minority, though born Parsis, never get to be Zoroastrians. The parents may be atheist, agnostic or believe that no religion should be thrust upon a child, and hence no navjote. Then, of course, there are those who begin life as Parsi Zoroastrians but convert at the time of marriage to the faith of their husband (the law requires exacting evidence to establish such conversion — a name change is not enough but another faith marriage ceremony, usually, is). Again some migrate to another faith out of a conscious choice. We knew of a Parsi solicitor (now deceased) who did namaz in his office, five times a day, while his irate clients fretted in his Pickwickian office. Or like the born again Christian Parsis mentioned above. Confuse not though those who believe in other faiths but also continue to be practising Zoroastrians. The orthodox would like to disbelieve but a huge number of Parsi Zoroastrians in India fall into this category — perhaps even as much as one-third.
When Sanjay Gandhi suddenly perished in an air crash, his widow, Maneka, did consult lawyers to ascertain which law of intestate succession (those dying without a will) would apply — the Hindu Succession Act or the Indian Succession Act provisions applicable to Parsi intestates. We do not know the outcome but the correct law would have been the Parsi law; even if Sanjay was not a Zoroastrian, he was certainly a Parsi, being born of a Parsi father. You can give up your religion but not your race.

Mikhail Chistyakov: Zoroastrian but not Parsi

If you think the above is semantics or mere technicalities, you are wrong. It is intrinsically connected to the future of our faith. The day we decide that race is immaterial, and only bona fide belief in the faith is, a revolution will take place. Non-Parsi Zoroastrians shall be officially admitted to the faith (perhaps, the aspiring Russian mobed Mikhail Chistyakov who was roughed up by orthodox hooligans at Sanjan, will return, to be initiated as a navar/maratab). This will provide an unprecedented impetus to millions of nascent Zoroastrians to join the faith and numbers will swell for this modern sounding religion with its emphasis on ethics, environment and equality. A micro-minority of the followers of the Zoroastrian faith will then be Parsis, mingling with their non-Parsi brethren in a vibrant melting pot.