Apr 1972

‘ '¦it' APRIL 1972 VOL. VIII No. 6 > J co f^rice 50 Raise 4 nvtr mvdium tor o9d triftdom USE of ROSARY in ELECTRONIC ENGINEI A. I. E. R. E.fU.K,) A. 1. E. E. E.(O. S. A,) A. 1. Mar. Tech. (India). Radio Officer. ZOROASTRIAN RELIGION BY Samsh-ul Ulma •a Dr. Jivanji ¦ ¦ -3^ Jamshedji Mody>• •-5 •» ‘¦'W s. you Vlll.No. 6. APRIL 1972 $ CONTENTS 4 Editorial 3 USE OF ROSARY IN ZOROASTRIAN RELJ^tON SAMSHUL-ULMA Dr. J. J. MODY 5 NEWS & VIEWS Rige 13 Managing Editor ; P. B. WARDEN, M. S. (Bom.^. D. M. (Bom.) ADVISORY BOARD Mr. P. R. E. Cassod, Advocate-Rangoon, Adeffl, Najiwi, Msyor Adarbad Irani, R.A.M.C., D.O^M.S. (Loney, D.O. [Oxon] Mrs. Gool K. Shav&ha Prof Nadir Ardeshir Mody, M.A , LL.B. r Dr. Sohrab H. Batliwala, Ph.D» Mr. Bejon N. Desai, M.A., B.Ed. Mr. Faribourz Nariman, [Architect] Mr. Homi Burjor Dhalla, M.A. Jparvard} Mr. Mahyar Byranyi Patel Yearly subscription for 12 issues: Rs. 6/- for Inlaid; Shi 12/6 for UK; ahd§ 2/-for USA Single Copy: 5^ Pasi9 Office Address: Opposite Anjuman Atash-Bahram, (21-Jagannath Shankarshet Marg, Bombay-2. BR f ij Published and edited by Editor-Proprietor P. B. Warden from 621-Jagannath Shankarshet Marg, Bomday-2 B R, and printed at Kaleid Art Printers, 5-B, Shalimar Industrial Estate MatUBga. Bombay-19 and mimeographed at 621-Jagaimath :Bhiudsa^et Mftr^ Bombay-!. BR.»*?<¦: ^^4- • rt 4 ? WTORIAL. /I .K 'r ’-'-W w 3^ ¦« ¦ <¦¦-? ¦. •ACTION EATEffiN. OF THE PARSI 7 r. . .T ^tif' .zt J i Pare^^ T^Iib thii^ts ;me^ayy that ^oi^iar way ,<.-^rAi«fcr>*k wonieiu. how Qne.v.^ called a^is^ thcii^^fi^y KnYt)K^K^bl''T*‘ T bf t»o^< '3 ’4. :'^5; 1* ''s*MBj&c r' -^^36^3^9^^ ^r .K- ’> - <, 5-1, i>,’ te'eo- M A. '^1^ * it' s?y« siro* ats ©f a SfiiiW'Ss'’ s »'-y©Hh id they know it when tbey fes^t riedentf ' r « •«¦ ' TL .''*- k- s ” ¦ to mti,rit-;fee 'fot4 ta^BAth in.lie-«‘ ¦¦¦ ¦ •’atot'aW: lO - , » ./V w- a •h i: -» A ,., * * HB'D lie- ™Binistr« fc 't) * vS” V IcST: ***^ 4j B/ j"^iX •ii, iJ" ^Ji^'^'to^yoid^^ Rwe liay, without . ,..ia6.:pe^rd .of serviosk;'.'-? -a uT 7*^ ^^.4! > .,i 'r- "1 ', d •i:..«V.. ‘f ’ Sf £ ^t 4 Sf" ' ;K . ¦k‘ * / <’: : jVM rMI TaideBs'pra«tl»' ’a Britto ^¦•of fe.' Pati Ma^a frife tAie pof 01 i’ v“» f me and 'w**W----- X Bui wwIaW^M our self»t x^Ksions in,. »v * A ' Iw Ih: #^he Ida-fc* K i^.la4y iiii ¦ to >• will keep f tblj ’ ^Ot. and hiT^irF®^ ......... ttWt to ’ " J BO. 1< Ttteri us ¦/ '*'*« i.'Hi^Sf. 1 about W« ^jan t«6 ;gu'^sent I J «: * 5/s-^ a'-"- t ..in jof the retrpcai^hi^ ’^a^ ct in -y - useless ani . aotd^f 1 ¦>«, -¦* y ' . > •-—- made's prof it of-1^0,"0100. Then Bajan Wfc.tlr«8fc i« PAE® ANA AEEin. 1972. Ibises end wa^stage. Losses^of gbodj of'revenue an#d further Capit^ HR** •k? ^vobft* ^bvft < i < ¦ n* ?i-'.-^a* 'Wi. |®^ita.-. . . It /'- ., $'- «‘4St r*-; *9. ’ 1 '*4?' BC !»'Q1 c® J. ’•> »» 'I • ~ i t I * '•’T $ «¦>{ .ti 'Z f*. * ^8f*v I (¦ 2^’j «-* y 1^ ¦'> '3 *2. i* i^>- s^ ¦--'S' f'? > « ?**-* /, ^«v\* IjTusteeij 16 ^^^^7 “T 5 u f'A ? J. **• -<* iIRdtaii W-aWi -tebBpfW ®^hinh ¦ dWp^Bhd bel i i^’^re ‘ "¦ * &/M a Mc^et amongst thej apparent 1 reason can Uw#^ We^ it^ ws^^enr Sowmity wants JhW to acf .as ix^ i .4' n- -J if .ccxne . iW Jy’" ' k’’ -'.^ s w ,1^' iras,W3.fe»?St »' ¦>ms' i 1 V • d^ -'#**'¦ *\ 5 4 i." < t .«*-¦ ?,-w ' «>. '-'»’¦'<»• ahw^ ________________ ____ _________ __________ __________________ ., _ . al i<-a^-:th© mintv. ,^nx< w «<®i® w>hMth.'m< req9rd,<^ti^^^ |t^< ^Aicfe« 'iais^ Wde^\lfee ‘ pc^ifeo ’ of;J5?u6t©«jfe PAKIM^AHft AFfelt SKI say that this an ’i' &. ¦?Sat ‘^ S^ < 4-«a . e 'rt. /«¦ ^>,*' * " do not 4>s • “***W J > ’•>?* > ' •* . <1 A k it' ’ .'s‘ ‘ * it 1 c ?'* A SBti^QL-aU& IB. ^D. t '.-^.aE-' # 'aa^theriE L' ^t- •'^6^'* he fas^ii&tion Of all places that^ in Ij^isno pl&0©\l^®6 pissed AAA>i*5«fy =S?g5TrSS® “ifeiaa. place.and the grand TnwSi fibmoas or Sso from my frequent visiU to the ?* K B »-a^°5 sait2 ’s^A¥'?:,S St-.-^. th ’ers ths Wihcipal ec^ ‘ of- study. ¦ • la ths Tibetan TK^cifet^tt^lon^ ’^sir ritualistic word, ^elr^jtet, tow ay mnoipa^aL^e^o dorjs, tfaiph iBrtrTS»t,8yabolizingiSt its. the pl>aoe .of,tor jete sceptes^lihejtBB^^.a„d.j^ first ’the mystic, ^ur^er^lt of^e iTBaMC vazra to .eccle8i?,stical authority) rani#dsd ms oi our «tbbu* iBstrtttegta ,the subject of wich cma oe re also i^okenfof as prayer-cyliiMers, Is. the Tibatas me > and eustoas as obs ’ mid A < 4 Oirz Tb© gther diyld^ into three heads Of^yer-dramB4^Hyer'mills ¦¦ "•ssWf’S.s^w^ito ra-a.^sg^'** y of the question of theWe of • Prayer-bbads or rosaries amoi^'differ ent people, su^sW by w Ti^Bi rosaries,that has leal me to study o^-the subject of this pajiera • _, t I or there, were their Prayer^achines diyxd^ into three he^ss ^ r Ft^yer^^ . _ ' mills :W: ' i ; 3. I have i at some _ - Society of spOK^ 01 tnese -uir^o js.xxmi I ifiigth, in my three ’ of Bomeay. It. is the 'hftAHs or rozaidee amoSK ui era fe -lmow the-rosariea form a part of -nalU or^ ritualistic apparatt® of m^y reli^itf ««aautie8,. Buc^ as ths HinduB.Baddhiata, Ifahomedana «id G^stians. pmxmi&K. 1972. 5 .*X..' ¦a>*• « ar< ’ ••¦ •*.U... his article,ent24irCr"The ,6osary .arid its • . ’’ ’’i. _/v5 ¦' -T' - N^tai *It (ro^y) d^aQirik with the Mys behiXi.Mstory. Its origion is l,ostia^*th©.||a^ of civilization^withCX^ and thouffi* maaiy-*?3^ ”feel It is a hinderanpe -rather-thw^.dielp tp. their^vo- ti^f^i-it. has ro^oubtedly played a definate^Md real partTiri the ci^ef great religions that havemoulded the mhds bf'men*^"W« Nutt eel It is a hinderan.ce -rather-w , . . ,. . -------------real partTtn the cmef ^eat religions that havemoulded the minds of men*-Nutt Tail.-refers to'the use of rosaries 'mo^ some retigi ’ous. comDiun- itij^,bUt says nothing, of the Zoroaptrians* ;But we ^ow,that Zor “baStrians;both of Persia and India,use it in^ sc®tte .of their rituals <*' i. • The, prison t>f the use of the rosaries among T^arious ccmnunities seems, to be thisi ?-• 'pertain short prayers have to.,be recited for^ a number of times in the midst of ? 4i»,« •t'prayers have to.,he recited for^a nwiber of times long prayers;*-JfeJZorrOastrianA-Mvs to r^eat-certain^® sBml prayer “ formulae in the-midst of long prayers. For example — •we have to recite 10 AhunavarsCT^tha'-Ahu Vairyos; and 10 Asheni XPfius in the, midst of the ^Qfetaazd "feshtr 21 Ahunavprs and 12 Ashem yohus at the end of the Patet;200 Jtohavars ’and -.100 Ashem Vohus i n '.a. T .X. Ti.'- ¦ r TT *—*.•¦. JI .*•'¦¦ 21 .» ‘ * ^phus in the, midst of the fcnazd ifetshtt 21 Ahunavprs and 12 Ashem yohus at the end of the Patet;200 Ahunavars ’and -.100 Ashem Vohus i in the recital Of’the-V^didad. “ . ' ' ¦¦ ?. 'I " x . p ; ' . , ’ do- riot know for certain,vhy one particiiar number is enjoined i.” in one .particular prwer, and another particular number in another particular prayer.' have the injunction to,repeat certain prayers tprice.ror this we can safely say ,that that was on account of tnO' iii5)Qrt^ce of the prayer,the objseGf fesirig, that its, teachings c; strpn^y'inroressed-upon:the mind. For exampl the vispg Hurfata prayer,- one or the m0;st .beautiful and instnict : ^F^-prayi^s^^-teaching the adoption of the- ofour moral pr©' g®Pt.B, IS eirj'Oiried ' to be repeated, thrice,so that its percepts may X- De impressed very vivadly on. pur'nnnds :^t,in^the juAse^of the repetition of .'bertaiX shq-rfc prayers for a large numbet of times, we are hot ’ih A position,, td ‘give any part ­ icular reason,except the reason that atnpng.thc'^ancierits, .as ob ­ served ih; the case of the^ writings of Pyt^goras.who is spoken of’ Xg dericiple' of Zoroaster,numbers are believed'to possess certain , JzCfficacy,and that they synbolized some truth. But this is a case ’ > of, the recital or the repetition in the midst-of some,larger pra* ' repetitions are not many^ < 2^ case of tjae . larger of .repeti-ticn in . roci,-talsjnof connect^ with,or not occuring in,the midst of 1 ong prayers . For exampl e, take the later injuncti c . during the Gatha Gahambar holidays and 12 Ashem Vohus in the preceding five days. PARSiANA^W^ 1972. particul ar pray ^rice.For this ¦e" 4 ' in another or ¦ e. / ^>1 ions are not many^ n^,the ;anciehts, as ob- t^goras/aWho iis spoken of elieved'to (>A *^r ' 3' I At E \‘i ’¦ «¦- '1 .« v-EJ • ^'the case of the later i a sho2*fcening prpcsss navars and A^em / nA.«+ ---- 1 xU ’ r'-'2'r Mtwptioni' foxwtobis^' boj^in^^^e injunctiontfla, Ra«t» observed in the_^caSh?o^niany i*elig ?? wfitt ifokt^ holidays. It seems that, a 1 . - -7 repetetions ^‘the injunctionafl<,TJshat can be termed -e Mu** I known among *u AMiav.at f^st, roroaatn^^ must ’Recite the five iteH+ „ J XV “ Oatha Oii&yjWe on tte second, the Ushtavad C-atha holiaay, ’ Gatha days^which come at the very end of tbe n-P An,. 1..*™ K„,.- yjg . .________ ) ¦ ,, ... —J J that dturing pious Zo^roastrian was to rra-siraot. it is the ^OtbTch&pter y on the '^olra prayer. It ‘ - - f—i that there were ATTon Vv, ----- —and the x^a-mrraot ha by heart not ^ow to read -toem from books, the injunction ea^, ano/it was enjoined that those who could not recite or -1 Ha,m?-^t,in their stead,recite 1200 Ahuna vp""*^ gm-nz A^em Vohi^ res^tively. This was,as it were,the first that latt further ap the iJJlwUe servances. Let ua; >IS , ** ** *** -*»** wxxv :e the above case of nis ; that a good pious „ second , and so on ___ _________ ,.***^.1 Ve^,are spok^i^f .in^our later books as the meh or thb Weat .pi’eceding fire days are spoken as the ¦^¦- made ea read . -—.......— is a ooBffiientar appears father, that latterly,wei r'these Gatha was ' » 9 ' stead, recite 1200 Ahuna vara J. . - furfeer appears ., noV only, those,wno in this connection,may* be termed i. ,took adv^taga, pfs this facility^ afforded by the xn. 1^3? shortening ri: 55®'^.|fTj®rly, not only; those,who in this the lit erates, who saw that in this subst their labour of reading the long " st 'r^r B proeess t fetha, f a was aavedi. process of substituting ptace of long prayers,seems ti O' nun^er of -Yatha Ahu Tairvos , jhort ‘prayers 0 have proceeded; ws also. Ths iBis.’'i:TrSA''/io™'^?i ."u™er 01. latna,. Anu I'airyos and isheai Tohus . irkethB^iS;l»®V" place of the recital of ttie daily prayers list of stKh prayers with theii ed-ji- • foimulae as given by the later Persian Se'va-- f^.P^^ysr-formu3/ae in latterly, further n 3 'ers- ’i A Here is a liBt of such prcuyers with their NAW'cr-STTf^SLIS 4# i- o* S\orsited ITyaish. Meher Nyaish. . ^:n"5?^'“"poKjQtar wya_ PARSIM/l X9k. -“tteneT wyaish. . Nyaish / ’ • fl ' . f» l"T, '' < ’•*•*-« * .¦• _ tjuu.i i^iju I iVi. - r STEAD’WHENONE DlOoT KNOW^ffi 'know TO ’R^ TH5M? ' ’’ " 4’-- OP WE TO ES HLCITED IN THEIR ¦ STMJfHENONE DID NOT KNOW THE LONG PRAYERS BY HEART OR BCD NOT I : f 103 Ahunavare. 103 ¦ i-'cj « « . -I W'-‘s* , .-.I 3A •'r 7 f» I* X > ¦p ' NAlffiS 07^£ MUBBR .or Tms IHE ^ORT-PRAYERS ClOI'CKNO.^ -W LONG- PRAYERS ?KNO T0 -REA3 zXJj "Iniu • HEART OR BIH’NOT w.. -;<¦ 4. lA-tash-Nyaish 5. Ardvicura Nyaish. 6. Each of *’ '*¦ -Ws •yie five' Gahs or prayers for the five perio ds of the day. .. .. .^atet (The Prayer of Repen­ tance.) 65.Ahunavarg .lOOr »#¦ tt five perio 7. 8. Ahura Mazda Yasht. •9. Ardibehest Ys^sht. 10. r_;_ ‘ “ 11. S^oS YaSit larger a _ hne7 65. < < *a^d 12 AshoBVohusi tt 1^, ®and 10 Asheflivohus. <75* ¦(. ArcLi behest lasht. Sarosh YashtHadok larger Sarosh Yasht-i -Yazas hne7 12. Bach of the Afringans. With the introduction of ’this ^ortenii^-pfbcbss, the.rosaiy bji to have come to use* One:cannot count acowately'On his^firig^i the number of times he had .to say these>^oM sprayers.. use of. some counting apparisttis Rhttj shortening process went further j^d pedjile ..began 1- - the first word, ’Yatha ’, of-'ihe Ahunavar to turn a ado^t. vadii'i . e/ the ' ‘ -» 'W » 121.Ahwavars\0d 12 Ashemvohus. isems a rOrly, the, ,.103. x.a.u-upx4,j(, ©peat pnly bead of ; to r« __ ____ _ _____ ______ ______ _______ turn a rosary. Then people ceased .©ven to u-bter the first word Yatha>and the mere turning, of t he^beads of the^rosary^ came to be coni^dered the positi^M X. m, griest,even now a days-does not use a rosary fcr the purpose, e has before him.on the alat-gah or the stone *01 at form where the ritualistic utensils are pl seed,a number o^ wires know j WJ.VW**’ VX WMO -i-CVVXlCk* XlJl W.XC? yi J A X -------T najthe priest has to recite the. 101 names g^fl^d 10 tioiee. The — - _ _____ -____ ________ are placed,a number 0^ wires know as . - the Barsam wires. The priest uses these wires for -the purpose of He recites the 101 names, of God and then^-sets apart one of thb Barsam wires. He sets-apart 10 vires and completes his reckoning and prayers. Ttes.-the-ten recitals uf ' thb^lOl - am. wires. He sets-apart 10 wires and completes X and prayers. Thus,the-ten recitals uf ' thb ’^lOl - are count*w ’\ not by any rosary,but by means -of the metallin ’wires,. PARSIANA.1972. ' ' ¦ Af^/L /- I ' ¦ 1 I 1 A _ c¦ * i “4s-* ‘-t « Bl ’i^i^ are used in Sae ritjual for another ritualistic -pui*pose. iteceremony , during :€^-Vohas%Lre* to be 4 < <*' In the ’recital of the Vendidad in the Nirar one part of xecita^, 200-Ahunavars and 100 A_ ___ _____ __ _ . reciped. It is for ’-couriting these.prayera-tfet a rb^ry contain ­ ing 100 beads,genially of^erba i.*. amber,is,^usedinow-a days. It is said^that at Naosariia fecial rosary of tMi ’S 'kind. is kept by the I^tur wo ;l ends it to-others-for ceremonial* doGasions. , iS/usecKLOw a days, of tMi'S ‘Xind. is keplj J As tothe use of rosary on in^iring from my that it is used-^ E /it 2. •< ceremonial* dOGasions. , ¦ 'j A ¦; y among: the Zoroastri^Ens of Persiaj-I l^imZ iriendTKr.^ Khodayar ^Sfe^ery^. Dla^tur. of Persi __3' , , -- _____ion^ r^ital of ths short formula of*-^he/Yatha Shu . Vairyo prayer, 1000 time^jby old ladies. . — • The ^01 tai of tbe Yatha Anu.Vairyo prayer by the- priest ii e; '^di dad cer emwy . Ihi s i S so; done) as sai d jei^- bove,by Zeroafetrian priests India. ¦" >ui3)oses^ Elae occasioni •;iriend,jMr- Kho’dayar ah^'^ryar. iJh^tur of rorsia ‘ersia for the following prayers and ritualis- in ' the «u*’ua«5bi iari px'i^s-bis w; J-ru’xa. 3. Oh'the occasion of tiR Tii’angan fiTashan i,..e. the ^asb^ on the day Tir and Mah Tirjilien all the Zoroastrians,whether priests or ' is ________________ _____ ______ Ya&amaide i. o. We pamse the Trishtrya with ^tro^ . This '^.ymen i^^braMy ¦ e^ifee"-f brm^^ ’ in ^hon odi^r.-Tishtrya Tir7 wMfeh occurs inf«tlie Avesta. The formula runs thus and repeated thrice in the Nayiahes: Tish trim Bravo “chashm^em i.e. We praise the trishtrya with\^tro^^es. inis * .Sbnm&a'ls reoited'dOOO^ times earlyrin the mdiming on the above ' ' . ¦ . -¦ ^¦m^ed-is-' required to collect,; •^c to i ilt®re8^t\W-'' ‘^ dead fr^” - . to he prayed p eoplether e, th e ro sary uuc xxvooveu 1 refepredto Xs, especi ly - as i t L;\:=Zoroastrians. On the fd friends of the decea.* The custom of wh^t ’ is called "collecting the Avesta" above requires seme explanation and r^ sembles a similar custom among-the In® occai^ion of’a death,the near relatives-Ui^^ xxx«*kxb sed) ;deem it meritorious to get some prayers recited in hcp.our .of re ®-F the dead. So. the family priest,or the priest of the vill^e. go/es round emcxig the relatives and friends and asks them as to ihe hum- bef of payers they would like-'to be recited in honour of ;the dead fie tiros a number of beads of the rowary for the number of pray- ^s ordered ‘by each relative and thus counts up the. tcrtsl enjoined zb^tOTI of the Iranian Zoroastri-ans is similar ti,a custom _______ * XU J « , 4 4 /% 4-l-fc*rt + ‘+tn O Tr> H 1 QI 'Sot dtjhWS custcsm ln.J^idia is pjffisiaA Ss ;an ^roastrians with this diff^ence,that ‘‘^e Indian ^db oh the Oothmna day,iihich is the third day* iia ia^own as the *lakh bhonawi i.e. to get a lac ¦ -gf-A ^:ldia is know as the, * 3 ¦^.-V ' ' -J. '7f. i::.' ‘ ‘ meaning,that a inandred th^sand. of Ahnn wo tnnavers may be recdted* wOti^ the rmwe^^or^in- we lac,iA reality, it is one lacrand: five hun ifM is this: On the third day afte death,at the end the eldest ’ son of the deceased,or in his • 1-A*!--X « presents himsel I Mth ’the priest before the Smior^>est_^in the^ass©^ S priest^h^ meet for the ceremonies. Ha is ?i«n bv ^atsenior priest, the. particular cer monies he is,to fi-et nerformed for the deceasi^ during the first year after death, B>iT^iy. it was custoffiary,twt a Jist of the cer^onies was beforehand by the head of the family,in cons^taiiion with his f_^ M ® hi?,nr acoor,Un6^to_the_^^es^of the wisb^ (?. the ‘.b cot -Cc' as enjoined by h^ by his Mil. J or e2.Buupxo,xu unAy «"*** fc S“a5i?S ffi“!aSS(= iifi-ri pri es' wty Vto x: patticuX^ priest. It seems that in India also..upto.^.out 50; ys^s nriest, inquired of the. r^atitfesjif they, desired rel f?M®all^ ^l^ti?r8 ’'®^frVa^rto^tot^'numba- .^8.‘ann- ^^cSVore the assanUy. I& recited ,thereby yatba Ah» ariiy swlt^ *drea.^e c of Ifee iPthaziBiB. pw aiuuujf . wxo absence,or as his s^stitute,8irr with the ‘ ti^ » -J” *T^ ^‘A '*i.' -«»»^ "’ '^*‘ • ¦.*'v^^^iM 7^,, 1 r ‘#v< ¦' X.*- X . ra '^4. IWw • f. ' “•« ^lojwocir5t«a-.«>a^:^g^snte^ y>;^ _. '’ '^* '' ,>¦« c . V. -4 J. • 1-4', ^^5 * i -t, ‘": -£ ’•^’i' ** . .’-SLJWk.^ • <'' ?"' '¦ ' ‘ aaai wto«'im^t^!fll X*’ * *&a^» '•’’ ? . *4 i ’ •«* .^t Kr" ’’*? ,l» «'** * - \-t 2]^ *i>ir r''Sii ir rW@: iber eJo^ac ^iBTfite^gShdrfed* ? aa it were, a part of t^ rityal* it ’ten"^e amowse* Lot Kst all the pra* '* li^’ 't f , < ¦• • >11 '•fl * ri* .i-, •. •> F‘'> .‘wX t'd u"*’^ f l''^ 1 ?T/ * ’*'. -r* '-¦I '''i »’ > 'i > la -X*^ iVe# J Ft onset 1 SijWjja^-A -rt:^-^'.^ i'.^^M •I ’^fe i^-4 "Vttj!.- > «. ¦ iV-r fe* f. fl I ’"•/xJ f. l” ^t'- ?3?^ ” ^‘3 ’ *f % •’/•i ’'i, , AiS'J W ' ' V i '? 4 * ", * .'¦ ? . '0. ''FT? ‘i '*5 X.» • I .^V>' 3 * £ f o'" /*5‘ »*liiSSe ’?5» >M ih-> IJW ae&vf * '* T^i^i »yjM 'fltondidadi be SEW gh>.i^ereot* Ife^' H r a-^coj ’> #' r*x^ ^5 rv'- lAt i^' \* i>i /#? 4 •T ’ ... ' ait <, wjQBwS< '*®Be fiWi icwg S5m5 of.’ ¦i- , 4^ .' ^ :of the 1? of ‘S’i tto„ ,5 .*¦ .^? i. i . 3 3: t x- 4 *' ' i. jy « *x *e. - *‘' ¦> 83i‘“^Ovl e third of or > Beho ^^or For ly I '1 C - lacms ^' j S^ioa , ' le conse* j the ’^-'i 4 1 r '¦^r yers is also [^fefc*' k.^,..r-S.. ;^— T*^ ’> ft en ’• X I' :4 er" ony S the third day after death wa iffnfi i'rMs 0 r - ¦*• jpy -^V e^*r 'Sb^e{«a ‘W’! was <>onsider I a edv ^1^ c4*j a' Mw ^2 xhxli ’^';^^ ‘ on ? ,t eWE ¦'W ran occ) >1^ < ; - Ski.»-An*’ ' wt^ I '*S' I •rf '£la. » f s A' “5 S^' A 'l - t*V -ft. ’ ’‘lA 4' >'' ' >ja “ ¦" .>> ? '} '*¦ ¦ ¦' >• ^!-' ' •' Y?. H . ' 4. .s?.’x'. ' eo*" ' the _____ and that ^¦1' / -'¦'I "X* I:-' ¦, Ay x’^’^ f *** ^‘3^ ,3 V * I 'I *!» * } f } t-h.A i.'l * ’’¦¦E', -1 -1 > 1 k';4’ >: i'^ V ¦= ‘r <> l' ‘ h*-» ’•aJ >eg^ji~ B«t ol’ Bin Tiheftps, - • J>0te. M».l!a^, ^loeklies . M9ll-bo"iSe pebgi'**^ A«»« e of ¦ . AVJ 'A J , . .fee me/ti ­ lt '?S/T ¦. . i-'f > « •-/ A© ancestors ^au to ^ave^p©ions^> ‘ 'i for yv 4-’ >.4 ewjvisotiujo KWE/cM* vv, xL Mtoerein a opw.y^.or S?at i.of fte JMRfe V Asia, . ,We - fy made • . [yer* A’j' »*¦ -^y SX;. t *<- "'TM' '''' •, *^F>’ r '3- i '•> -A' jL • W-'' i it — jueu^n, xew. .«**dta made ©at of © w© ^Myfor th^Te^^lt^ pf.tn^) Wtfea.' tim©8 the beM© ar©^: .1 '¦¦*- , '^6 ?er«i8ii_2oroaaf#ima _ ¦ Iha- roea»-'J£» :«»'^'iaa- ¦ gW| heads. 3 vetch or huls V •tri »7 V. i. »f ¦•"S? •• u The roi.'-5i \,l^a !• .©• • l^iil *-»S r * 'by I the la- &'X' E***’ : .^irA ’genAl .t “'j» [wr • / - - to Af a> * S| » » ,«;s,e.a8mteri51.8/?rB^ji^^|c^4ggM^ . n =.j.- .pq^ exam' m Sans- iBi fo^ or , ^ocor 5’ > that in aiwBt ^ -..-- ,'Tos^ a. TA ¦ - A-ra. r.. W'' •k:* igrd: .iifidw-; r 4? ’*»> ¦at in./ Tegetahtg'^pr^uct?. tfaeA^aiSs eiflht Yaito t. » ?* •1S * J' .y" •.' V i-^ i f- '^' /2,.: ?’> fc Jaim- Ae- le ei^’ r i ? 'J* 3^ '>^ . IVw ••. *’*'. «’ *» r _ '•! ;-the ei^t •'¦. •s 'M'.’-' T % e A>t: tW; .^1 J <» yhxm in-the recit^-. flie **—7--—--. /'kind of rosary for cowting the numhea; oi ’"l‘- .* ** ¦t-= re ^/holding . mfore rs. ‘ ’’7^4. rfl - ' 4 . J 4.->, *. . ¦’ t tofei-'iiaieilbef'*W?? •] W;s>-ts«<&w 1^5 ¦J ''.. '7^,'" JW to&axy oomes fgW- repetition 0J tico* », •. pxp*n .¦* ‘V 2&’ ml *' Per'e: ^•ByS'the leBt'gBGKptipft ys®'' b.aB) •Pa.th J^y^^eowit ttse tW tohg us,the/ ’* "'¦V* v/ . J -¦C'.r4 fe^rcoaTinlo ,gK’ — t”-I* ¦ i .¦ ¦ .¦¦ » We de **^5-^?* *.jvir- ^‘i We de>4\ t!«C •A’: 'V *4f,r ’ t < Y' r ‘A’ ;jmr' .il- *** s -?X|‘ 'C^< .\1 ,! . ‘ -t •. . ? 1 AS ¦ :' •% » > 2. 'S *1 ;) Va\ 1 V'^ .<->•'§ ' ~ S.A I** ‘<7’ , ecite a religieaB prayer . of the Xest #!jE^atioa UseA^tp^ ' * * ’*^ ‘ X ~r* < *«»r'-. . ?i*' ¦^SB* «>. S?f1 /SliAr.,- K,.,. .i^ *jk»i a 4 w bS t NEte & VIEWS DiD&rB&Ntai ’ ACboBa; lvas^v^ibhaiim& end --“aneging^rector . of th^ip^^ '^fn^ GrwOTg^s ^ok^ here.' '*^6 vesisel ha,s 'heen'sold, ? 5. over X VUtalA U + W* T*-'^ -x_ '-<7 . by 'India' to l^e ner^tion i f . airman We^ Wdbr the IndcrBaj^adesh 'tradi ^'1*.¦ t' -'i . ¦/ . the '•‘•y**! « .-X2______ 4.Uo omrIeiQwnnrS 'rtVj*' Thanking the goveinment of_,indi^;^ both b^ore and aft^-dts li|eT^i^^^ the''endeavours our war “ravaged couptiy ^he ^aid.. Gwt> Atem said that to develop - .ii «-P 4'X TToeool a 1Y1 acQUire a x^vx/w -7^ - . - . would be purchased within a year. Srivastava said that the SCI with^t^ d.ecisioh p from its'fleet to the BSC soon in^^ccorv.an the« government of India.- ^^^^ipies and areas of coltoboration and Co roperation between India and fl-dfigh in the fields of educaJjion,scienceyCuLture--and sports were discussed and agreed.^^ at the meeting held between^'Or. Nurul H^an, minister for cduc at ion, social welfare and culture, and ^0, Yusuf iti togladesh minister education and culture. .... ¦' • ' ¦ ¦ • ¦ .. Br, Nurt^ Hasan presented to the .Bangladesh ¦mihipter a set of text NS AND ViEV/S — ozn^i CXP^- ¦A V ; ( Pap®AHA- AFRlt f57;i, > /t- » * > );