May 1990

I I r i 5C:>: r" »May 1990 Volume 12 Number 11 I'. i K EDITOR Jehangir R. Patel MANAGING EDITOR Amavaz S. Mama EXECUTIVE EDITOR Parinaz M. Gandhi ASSISTANT EDITOR Roxana H. Kaka DESIGN Kranti Shilotri, Varghese Fernandez, Deborah Fernandes 3 Readers* Forum 9 Events and Personalities 14 Zoroastrians Abroad MARKETING DIRECTOR Veera Patel ADVERTISING ^NAGER Zarin Mistry ADVERTISING EXECUTIVE Cheryl D’Penha CHIEF EXECUTIVE Rustom Thanavala FINANCE B. L. Arora EDP Rohinton E. Daroga CIRCULATION Behram Umrigar MANAGEMENT k^noo Patel, Jasmine Driver OFFICE Rajendra P. Nayak, Khurshid Panthaki, Patri^ Lewis, Rajalakshmi Krishnan, Bakhtavar Batliwalla, 17 BPP: Breaking the silence by Amavaz Mama 20 Banaji Limji Agiary: old world charm by Noshir Dadrawaia 26 Manekji Limji Hataria: Redeeming a community 32 The Privy Council Judgment: Sakiat vs Bella - 2 37 38 Tribute to a teacher by Whabiz Merchant Milestones Cover: Portrait of Manekji Limji Hataria Photographed by Russy M. Davar i r Parsiana is published by Jehangir R. Patel for Parsiana Publications Pvt Ltd, at C/o H.L Rochat, Navsari Chambers, ground floor, 39 A.K.Nayak Marg, Fort, Bombay 400001 and printed by him at Parsiana Publications Pvt Ltd, C/0 Kaiser-E-Hind Pvt Ltd, 300 Perin Nariman Street, Bombay 400001. Color processing, Comart Lithographers; and black and white processing, Samir Process. All rights resen/ed. Phone: 2048730 Fax: 2042922 For editorial enquiries; 2048183 Telex 11-85710 RABO IN Annual inlarxJ subscription Rs 60 for one year (12 issues); Rs 100 for two years (24 issues). Foreign subscription rates: Seamail Rs 130 for one year, Rs 245 for two years; Air mail Rs 275 for one year, Rs 525 for two years. For US cheques add $5 to cover bank charges. For Indian upoountry cheques add Rs 4 for bank charges. Cheques and drafts are to be drawn in favor of Parsiana and posted to GPO Box 892, Bombay 400001 or C/o H.LRochat, Navsari Chambers, ground floor, 39 A.K.Nayak Marg, Fort, Bombay 400001 a1 READERS’ FORUM f f « ! Ib *»?!*?*¦ (i we came into India. Then, our “forefa­ thers” did not object to these, nor to the onset of intermarriage. Many of our sur­ names like Wallace, Govekar, Patel, etc members towards babas and gurus in­ stead. In Iran, USA, UK, our scholars, Parsi and non-Parsi, are fearless, the Zoroas- trian laity is enlightened, and in search of have been accepted but still we consider truth. I may mention here, that in UK re­ cently Parsis are experiencing some of the same difficulties we experience here, but kudos to the majority of our enlight- be a non-Zoroastrian even though, as per ened community, who carry on the pro- our own tenets, a child of a Parsi father is found teachings of our prophet with dedi- permitted to be a follower of our reli- cation and without fear. We, in India, do have eminent scho­ lars who are dedicated to their work and give correct guidance to us when asked. The editor asks, “why and how Zoroas­ trianism has failed to inspire its follow­ ers.” Sir, Zoroastrianism has not failed, fire-temples. It is as valid and vibrant today, as it was when Zarathushtra gave it centuries ago to all humanity — if not more so. Our error of parentage, I can show an athw- leadership has failed miserably. More nan who is not fit to be an athoman than a hundred years ago, our great though he is so ordained. scholars, like Dadabhoy Naoroji, K. R. Maj nosiiir f . mullan (Retd) Cama, J. J. Modi and others, saw that the unessentials were taking over the essen­ tials of our religion. They established the favors/solace/salvation though subse- Rahnumae Mazdayasnan Sabha. They quent to Zoroaster’s Gat has, some obvi- put before the community the fearless ously outlandish priests/prayers/rituals and honest results of their research, and a have come about. revival came. Today, do we have such Gullible, weak-minded, ignorant, leadership? We celebrate their anniversa- pseudo-Zoroastrians seek corporeal fa- ries, shout loudly about their great ser­ vice to the community, but refuse to sup­ port their scholarly findings! The result, else, are bound to be right half the time, “this exodus of faith ” as the Brigadier rightly puts it. ourselves pure. Today the children of an ervad cannot become a priest because the mother may {. 11 Readers' views are welcome on any sub|ect of interest to the community and should be sent to the Editor, Readers* Forum, Parsiana, G.P.O. Box 892, Bombay 400001. Letters are subject to editing for reasons of space and clarity. Unsigned letters or those without an address will not be published. gion. Why? Because no dastur however educated, broadminded and sincere has the courage to take on the navar and martab ceremonies of such atlioman ’s children though their navjotes were done and they are allowed to worship in the However, for every potential athornan who is not an athoman because of this Zoroastrianism has no babas/gods to grant Gullible, vors/solace/salvation from fake babas and imaginary gods who, like anyone Zoroastrians seek, through the Gat has, . D u excellence of knowledge, wisdom, “Shirdi ke Homi Baba ” strength to be righteous and to oppose the Brig N. B, Grant’s thought-provoking I fully endorse Brig Grant’s views (Read- unrighteous. letter (Readers’ Forum, Parsiana, Febru- ers’ Forum, Parsiana, February 1990). Those with depth and width of vision ary 1990), is not a day too soon. He asks. We talk of broadmindedness whenever of the universe migrate in order to have why are so many Parsis (so-called Zoroastrians) turning to Shirdi, when all another, but one salient fact we do not Zoroastrian values. . over the world, specially in UK, USA, appreciate: that all other religions open Iran, Zoroastrians are doing their utmost their hearts and the doors of their places iMavJOte by ChOlCC... to revive our great religion. In my humble thinking, here our em­ phasis has been on customs, rituals, • which do not feed the soul and over­ shadow the true tenets of our great reli­ gion. If any fearless scholar or individual do not like others to touch ours. So also Zoroastrians the world over have ac- Ms HOMAIFRAMROZE BODE ers’ Forum, Parsiana, February 1990). We talk of broadmindedness whenever we find others in our religion praying to and to propagate good living with AETARAFORE of worship to us but we refuse to do the I have no desire to argue with anyone, same in the case of our religious places least of all with an honored friend such and ceremonies. “ “ We are never refused the prasad (con­ secrated food) of other religions, but we state is that, for centuries, practising as Dr Ali Jafarey (Readers’ Forum, Par­ siana, February 1990). All I wish to tries to practice or preach, or express the in many places we are looked upon by cepted the Fravarane prayer, recited in results of his/her learning which are not in accordance with outdated customs, then he/she is not only hounded but even threatened. Sadly, a fear complex, to avoid others eying it). High-flown ex- our brethren with annoyance if we do not the kusti ritual, and the Din-no-Kalmo in wipe off the ash we put on our forehead Pazend, recited every night, as declara- on leaving the fire-temple (this is done to tions of faith. I am grateful to Dr Jafarey for his avoid controversy, even at the cost of reli- planations are offered but I only add that painstaking analysis of the word fravar- gion, has set into our community. The our own religious ceremonies today have ane, but why has he left out the var of resulting void is turning community included a lot of “Hindu” rituals after Yima, described in the Vendidad as a 3 Parsiana May 19S0“square enclosure?” Ahura Mazda com- were meant to be, all translations are li- after her, but she was persuaded and that mands Yima to build the var. Where is able to end up as absurdities. Philology dock came to be known as Indira Dock the choice? Surely, a word in any ancient and the historical perspective are essen- during her lifetime. The authorities may text is translated according to the context tial. Yet the resulting translation should similarly ponder over renaming Sahar in­ in which it is used? make sense, not nonsense. temational airport after J. R. D. Tata. Dr Jafarey concludes that even if ev- What of the beauty, truth and wisdom bhikhaji m. adenwalla ery Zoroastrian was conversant with embedded in our scriptures? Does any „ , “Avesta, Sanskrit, Pahlavi, Persian, lin- scholar express these in beautiful Ian- * rODleiTlS in perspective guistics and Indo-Iranian studies,” a for­ midable list, there would still be a need are more fortunate in that their texts have public work fairly successfully, I cannot for “scholars of high caliber...to firmly been translated in language that is both be a silent spectator to the controversies present the correct meaning and not moving and inspiring: the Koran trans- raging in the press. If al! Parsis feel that interpretation of the scriptures...” May I lated into matchless English prose by the solutions to their problems lie with the ask if Dr Jafarey is happy with the schol- late Professor Reynold Nicholson of trustees of the Bombay Parsi Punchayet arly translation of geush urva as “soul of Cambridge University, England; Bud- (BPP) then it is time they correct this er- the cow” or “ox-soul?” Consider the dhist texts rendered into English by Ed- foUowing translations of the last line of ward Conze and Christmas Humphreys; the opening verse of the Gathas: ¦ “...I will first ask of you all... the acts of ishads in the English translation of the flat which they claim to have inherited the Holy Spirit, to satisfy the will of the Spanish scholar,. Juan Mascaro. One under some pretext or another and keep Good Mind and the ox-soul” (Jacques could go on. Is it any wonder that many these premises locked or hardly used un- Duchesne-Guillemin, The Hymns of of our young turn away from their faith,, der the cover of the Bombay Rent Act Zarathushtra, 1952, p 85) sad and disillusioned, when even our ba- Our trustees also come in for some jus- • “...whereby I may txing satisfaction sic prayers, the Ashem Vohu and the tified criticism in matters where, on the both to the will of the Good Mind and to Ahuna Vairya, are reduced to the level of one hand, under wrong/misguided advice the soul of the cow” (Ileya Gershevitch, pieces of chewed string (see Helmut eviction suits have been filed against Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 1964, Humbach, “A Western Approach to genuine people who are, in fact, family Vol XXIII, p 14,n) Zarathushtra, ” Journal of the K. R. members of deceased tenants and have • “...for that through which Thou mayest Cama Oriental Institute, 1984, No 51, p been living/occupying such premises for satisfy the determination of (my) good 48-54)? Mspiloojungalwalla well over 15 to 20 years, and on the other thinking and the soul of the cow” (Stanley New Delhi hand not taking any action or compound- Insier, The Gathas of Zarathushtra, 1915, rr> . > . .. , a . ing matters and allowing illegal trespass- p 25) Tata International Airport? ers and occupants to continue to reside. One cannot help asking; Was Zara- The Union Government has decided to The trustees should... move the Govem- thushtra bom to satisfy the soul of an ox name Calcutta airport after Netaji ment to exclude the Bombay Parsi or cow? Is this the “correct meaning” of Subhash Chandra Bose, the airports at Punchayet and other such charitable or- the phrase geush urval Or is it what Bode Madras after Kamraj and Anna Durai, and ganizations from the relevant sections of and Nanavutty make of it? • “...Grant that I...acquire the wisdom of after Jawaharlal Nehru. Vohu Mana, the Good Mind, so that I may illumine the very Soul of Creation ” (Songs of Zarathushtra, the Gathas, ports, but a fierce controversy has been raging over the renaming of Sahar airport. make sense, not nonsense. What of the beauty, truth and wisdom embedded in our scriptures? Does any scholar express these in beautiful lan­ guage? The followers of other religions As one who is involved in doing some roneous impression. Parsis in our housing colonies and selections from the Vedas and the Upon- baugs are known to hoard more than one Ms HI XX) JUNGALWALLA New Delhi Tata International Airport? the Sahar international airport Bombay, the Rent Act for, as long as these con­ tinue, there is little or no hope of the trus­ tees ever getting back vacant posses­ sion of premises. Despite all our rents being pegged 1952, p 43) raging over the renaming of Sahar airport, at rates prevailing several decades ago, it Scholars seem blissfully unaware of The opponents want Sahar airport to be is creditable that apart from major repairs the incongruity of their literal transla- named either after Chhatrapati Shivaji the Parsi Punchayet attends to repairs and tions. For instance, the last line of Ys Maharaj or after Dr Babasaheb Am- replacements of lavatory flushing.cisterns 44.6 of the Gathas is translated as: “ • "For whom hast thou created the preg­ nant, luck-bringing cow?” (Maria Wilkins Smith, Studies in the Syntax of the of the State, the Government should con- which are rightly the property of the Gathas of Zarathushtra, 1929, p 109) ‘ ~ • “For what men hast thou fashioned the port after J.R.D. Tata, the father of avia ­ mother-cow, the source of good fortune?' (Duchesne-GuiUemin, op cit p 67) • “For whom has thou fashioned the joy- the air map of the world. It will be a fit- ceilings, fancy bathroom and kitchen fit- bringing, fertile cow?” (Insler, op cit ting tribute to the pioneer of Indian avia- p67) • “For whom hast Thou shaped this abun ­ dant, joy-giving creation?” (Bode and ing the airport after a living person but courtesy of informing the landlord in Nanavutty, op cit p 76) Until die symbols and imagery used in Gandhi was also against the renaming of 7 our ancient texts are interpreted as they the famous Alexandra Dock of Bombay trustees and the officials of the No opposition is raised against pro­ posed names for Calcutta and Madras air ­ bedkar. The Union Government has thus in individual homes, no doubt with costs been placed in a dilemma. shared by the tenant Even in such cases To assuage the feelings and sentiments tenants refuse to surrender the old tanks sider naming the Sahar international air- Punchayet. The irony of the matter is that _ tenants who want the landlord to share costs even for internal repairs, tion in India. Mr J. R. D. Tata, as is well known, is the person who has put India on themselves spend money lavishly on false tion. Objection may be raised about nam- tings, etc and cany out extensive renova­ tions, major structural changes and inte­ rior decorations without even having the there is a precedent to go by. Indira such matters. It is pertinent to point out here that the 4 Pafsiana May 1990 bcontribute 25 percent of the cost in­ volved with the balance 75 percent com- f Punchayet should respond in a prompt consent immediately for all such permis- and positive manner when the law-abid- sions sought if they are within the rules ing tenant does tyiproach them for the and no structural changes are Involved. A necessary pomission. fee of Rs 100 should be levied for in­ No institution which has an annual spection visit and report of the punchayet revenue from propoty of around Rs 32 engineer. [ lakhs against an annual expenditure of ¦ For essential services like water supply, Rs 48 lakhs on the maintoiance of these electricity, lifts, etc the Punchayet should properties is ever going to be able to sur­ vive indefinitely. If the constitution, the trust deed and ing from the users, the rules of the Bombay Parsi Punchayet • For the maintenance and repair of com- so permit, it would be worthwhile if the mon areas such as staircases, compounds, trustees considered forming ownership boundary walls, etc, the Punchayet could co-opoative societies from existing contribute 50 percent of the costs, properties’which involve high expend!- • External painting/whitewashing wtvk ture and create liabilities on the BPP should be allowed to be carried out by funds. No doubt in doing so the original the tenants at their cost keeping uniform­ objectives our forefathers in setting up ity in the color scheme. the Punchayet may be defeated, but in • Services of watchmen4)ump operators, view of the fact that hardly any vacant sweepers, cleaners, gardeners should be premises become available for the needy, paid for by the tenants or a separate ser- it will be worth considering. Norms and vice charge levied for the provision of guidelines could be framed keeping in such facilities. mind the ultimate objective of alleviating • Enhancement of parking fees for two- the need for housing. In the meanwhile: • All internal rqjairs within tenants’ premises should be at the total cost of the additional fee for all commercial ve- tffliant with an obligation that the tenant hides like taxis, tempos, jeeps, etc used inform the Punchayet and the Punchayet for business purposes and parked within wheelers and cars with immediate effect to mop up revenue as well as 100 percent the colony ctxnpounds. No doubt the above may adversely af­ fect a few traants whose financial condi­ tions make it difficult for them to bear any additional burden. In such genuine cases the Punch^et could subsidize/re- imburse such ne^y persons from their other funds. It would not be out of place here to appeal to the generosity of the Parsis in general to help the community on the housing front, especially as the commu­ nity faces the problem of a declining population which is further aggravated by lack of accommodation for couples C(MitempIating marriage. If each Parsi contributed one rupee (or mwe) per month to a separate fund which could be created for the purpose of housing needy Parsis, it would supplement the efforts made by the Parsi Punchayet. Accommo­ dating the homeless from a minority community of 60,(XX} in Bombay will not be a difficult task if the community res­ ponds with one voice. To begin with, on behalf of my family members and my­ self, I pledge to donate a sum of Rs 5,001 to set ^e ball rolling. PHIROZE AMROUWALLA Edited by Amavaz S. Mama 111 o. Crawlairs and Blasthole Drills a Water Well Drills Id 01 Rotary Screw Air Compressors 1iiS5Si«** Portable Compressors 0 ? ¦ Process Gas Compressors I r m Air and Gas Compressors • Construction & Mining Equipment INGERSOLL*RAND Ingersoll-Rand (India) Ltd., Maybaker House, S.K. Ahire Marg, Bombay 400 025 7 Parsiana May 1990 \'f ? Events and Personalities so that the resident boys could get more MhOW ’S landmark agiary The one hundred and fiftieth year cele­ bration of the fire-temple in Mhow, re­ portedly the only atash adarian in North India, was marked by “gaiety, pensive­ ness, reflection and fellowship,” writes Madressa Annexe opened . . . . , , space for their physical and extra-curr- The Annexe building symbolizes “the icular activities. The foundation stone culmination of a long-standing dream of of the 12,731 sq foot building was laid in principal Ervad Rustom Panthaki and (is) the backyard of the Madressa in Decem- a living testimony to the magnanimity of ber 1986. According to the planned lay­ out, the first floor of the Annexe houses a multipurpose hall; a library along with a Gp Capt Dhunjishaw M. Marker, vice five-room dormitory for the students is on president of the Mhow Parsi Zoroastrian April 21, 1990. It particularly the second floor; and the third floor is re- Anjuman. served for accommodation for the staff Residents from Indore, Ratlam, Ujjain members and their families. The ground and Neemuch converged at the Dotiwalla ............. J Hall in Mhow for the fourth intercity kitchen, store, etc plus the functioning of meet of the Zoroastrians of Madhya the Behramji Medicare Centre where Pradesh (MP) which coincided with the treatment will be offered to the ailing, free of charge once a week. Subse­ quently, the Annexe facilities are ex­ pected to be extended to other children. living testimony to the magnanimity of ber 1986. According to the planned lay- the Parsi community,” reads the souvenir brought out at the inauguration of Bom­ bay ’s Athornan Boarding Madressa An­ nexe on J embodies the achievements of Panihaki who during his tenure as principal for 24 years has been credited with having kept floor is reserved for such utilities as “pace with the changing times and (bringing) about considerable and note- woriliy changes not only in the Madressa . building but also in its financial condi­ tion, its students, staff and the entire pat­ tern of education itself.” The souvenir carries a history of the women, the aged and non-Zoroastrians 70-ycar-old Madressa, recounting the milestones in the institution’s existence and the services of those who have played a leading role in promoting it. Messages from community stalwarts as , also other letters of appreciation feature trustees of the Madressa, Ervad Panihaki the occasion, Illava, who along with Na- thcrcin. ' and the donors...have worked in com- - ,. - Since its inception the Madressa has plete unison,” writes Jehan Daruwala, '* “ been running on public donations, notes the brochure. “It has seen many ups and downs - sometimes a lack of students, at others a non-availability of teachers, and often a paucity of funds.” But through it all, it has continued to give priestly train ­ ing to youngsters. The Madressa takes pride in announcing that it has given to the community, six dasturs, around 60 panthakies, 15 boiwallas of atash bah- rams as also religious teachers and » madressa principals. Besides, many of b their ex-students who have opted for the | • professions have attained distinction in their respective careers, further states the brochure. In the last academic year 1989-90 there were 43 students in the six | to 23 age-group. I About four years ago the Madressa I trustees decided to construct the Annexe i| too, as per an earlier announcement. “The Annexe is not merely an addi ­ tion of one more building to the Madressa complex. It is a monument to the spirit of cooperation with which the editor of The Bombay Samachar, in the souvenir. Residents from Indore, Ratlam, Ujjain agiary function on March 18,1990. Presiding at the function was Dastur (Dr) Firoze Kotwal, high priest of Bom­ bay's H. B. Wadia Atas Bahram who led the jashan and gave an informative speech on the blessings of the sacred fire. A special felicitation was planned for Phiroze Illava, honorary treasurer of the Mhow Anjuman who had dedicated him­ self to the community over the years. On Right: Panthaki inaugurating the Madressa Annexe (left) as Mirza and Jalamai look on Sllil 9 Parsiana May 1990 lH II ¦val Cooper was credited with having lease. The day’s function on April 29, Peru hOMOFS Dubash planted babul trees near the dokhma, 1990 included cooking and flower ar- gave a talk on forestry, and Dr Behram rangement competitions in the morning. Masani, honorary secretary of the Mhow The evening’s fare included a jashan, Anjuman spoke on the need for creating a followed by a religious discourse by Dr sented to Ardeshir B. K. Dubash, honor- “proper organization and forum.” The (Ms) Meher Master-Moos, president of ary consul of Peru in Bombay, notes a day’s schedule also provided a time slot the Zoroastrian College and the press release. This decoration, in recog- for the viewing of the popular TV serial Mazdayasnie Monasterie, and a ques- nition of Dubash ’s “valuable service to Mahabharat. tion-answer session. The gathering then Peru and its citizens,” was conferred on In addition to addressing themselves to enjoyed Marazban Dorabjee ’s dinner and him by the secretary general of the Peru­ vian ministry of external affairs on March 20,1990 in New Delhi. lease further notes. Forty-six-year-old Dubash who has The enterprising youth group then been the honorary consul for the past 17 years had earlier in 1981 been decorated The Orden de Sol, considered the oldest Peruvian civilian decoration, was pre- the problem of scarce kathi, the Mhow danced away till midnight at Khorshed- Anjuman has also taken steps to amend wadi, the venue of the function, the re- their constitution. Presently the Anju­ man is managed by its president, Ms Homai B. Illava; vice president, Gp Capt proceeded with their plans to hold a sum- Dhunjishaw M. Marker; honorary treas- mer sports camp for the ZYA members with the Official de la Orden ‘Al Merito urer, Phiroze Illava; honorary secretary. Dr Behram M. Masani; joint honorary secretary, Eruch B. Merchant; and mem- bers-at-large Dr Jimmy E. Appoo, per a circular of April 16,1990. Jehangir N. Mehervaid, Homi B. Bhaya, _ ' . ’ ' Ms Katy M. Ghyara, Ms Banoo E. Mer- of these functions is Rustom Anklesaria, chant and Firoze M. Virjee, further reads the newly-elected president of the ZYA in the mid ’70s. He was associated with Marker’s report. for 1990-91. Others working with him on the International Cargo Handling Co-or- Another activity planned for the the “dynamic and experienced team” dination Association as honorary secre- ~* ¦" tary and managing committee member of its Indian chapter. Presently he is on the directorial board of several companies and is also a trustee treasurer; and Zubin Gagrat, Ms Anahita of different charitable institutions and Irani, Farokh Irani and Phil Postwala, in the 5 to 40 age-group through the Por Servicios Distinguidos ’ by the Peru- month of May. Another project is the compilation of a blood group directory, as vian government, notes his bio data. A former councillor of the Bombay Municipal Corporation he had served the Taking a key role in the organization city’s works committee and the law, L, revenue and general purposes committee Zoroastrians of MP was a trip to are: Ms Binaifer Gagrat, vice president; Udwada, Navsari and Surat, led by Jehangir Postwala, joint vice president; Tehmton Anklesaria, president of the Ms Farida Dcboo, secretary; Ms Ferhiz Ratlam Anjuman. The 27 pilgrims, who Cooper, joint secretary; Ms Kamal Palia, after nearly two decades got a chance to visit these fire-temples, were so im- Irani, Farokh Irani and Phil Postwala, trusts like MIND —- The Research Soci- pressed that they hope to make the tour a members-at-large, states the circular of ety for the Care, Treatment and Training recurring feature, notes a press release February 5,1990. of Children in Need of Special Care, the from Rail am. ( 10 Parsiana May 19SC 5,'» -A,* ZYA in full form First it was the Navroze function organ­ ized by the Zoroastrian Youth Associa ­ tion (ZYA) of Poona that drew a record crowd of over 1,500 people. Encouraged by the community’s response, the youths then organized, reportedly for the first time in the history of Poona, a full day function on Adar mah Adai roj, jointly with the Kadmi and Shehenshahi Anjuman Dar-e-Meher, notes a press re- (Left) Dubash: received civilian decoration (Right) Birdy: creating ad campaigns Below: Poona youths par­ ticipating in community functions Indian Red Cross Society, etc. His other interest is sports, particularly rugby, where he had represented the In- I dian team in various tournaments. In ad- j dition, he is chairman of the executive I committee of the Maharashtra State Ka- rate Association, further adds his bio data. Copywriter of the Year The Copywriter of the Year award went to Freddy D. Birdy of Trikaya Grey, notes the Mid-Day of March 4,1990. His copy for The Times of India, Aristocrat, Flying Machine, Yves Saint Laurent and Mafco Fruit Fountain advertisement campaigns won him the coveted award.Besides winning the copywriter distinc- gold medals at the all-India Chef Culi- Bombay Chamber Orchestra (BCO). Af- tion, Birdy has, for the past three years, nary Competition in New Delhi was ter three years of studying the instr- been the recipient of the Best Artist of Nowzer M. Iranpour, in-charge of the ument, Farhad was selected fo join the the Year Award. Intended to promote creative excel- His entries in the categories of wedding write-up. He has passed with distinction lence in advertising, the Communication cake, dessert, and cake and pastry were the different grade examinations of the Arts Guild (CAG) awards, considered the declared the best, notes The Bombay Royal Schools of Music. Committed as most prestigious in the country, serve to Samachar of February 24,1990. he is to the violin, Farhad hopes to be a encourage new talent, it is mentioned in the fortnightly magazine, Bombay, to the event from January 24 to February March 22-April 6,1990. Birdy’s work involves writing adver­ tisements for newspapers, magazines and pastry department at the Bombay Taj. BCO as its youngest member, notes a His entries in the categories of wedding Practising daily for two months prior professional violinist. His younger sister Dilshad,*the princi- 4, 1990 helped Iranpour win the medals, pal flautist with the BCO has also made as also a free ticket to Khatmandu that her mark in music. After her early train ­ was gifted by the Taj group. From among ing under Sanjoy Gupta and Ms Emavaz ’ the 212 medals presented at the competi- Bharucha, Dilshad had to rely on books tion held under the aegis of the National and workshops conducted by visiting Council of Hotel Management and Cater- flautists to fuller her knowledge of the ing Technology, 79 were bagged by flute, notes her bio data. Besides, she has the Taj. The other participating teams benefited when playing under famous vis- were from Indian Tourism Council, iting conductors who have lauded her Hyatt, Indian Tourism Development “talent and musical sensitivity. ” Corporation, etc. An alumnus of the Institute of Hotel Management, Catering Technology and Festival where she received intensive Applied Nutrition where he did a course training and performed with various in baking, Iranpour joined the Taj in chambermusic groups. She was also in- 1972, notes his bio data. Eight years vited by the Stop-Gaps to perform for the later he took over charge of the pastry Festival of Festive Music and has subse- department. The 38-year-old culinary quently been recognized as a soloist in expert opened the baking department at Bombay. the Fort Aguada Hotel in Goa in ’74. The next year he was deputed to the Swiss Flight Kitchen in Zurich for a three- month period. He has also trained in West Germany at the Intercontinental plished pianists, reads a write-up. I Hotel, Munich, reads his bio data. I Iranpour is now preparing for the next Nagarvala ’s autobiography I all-India competition to be held in New The principal of the Dr (Mrs) Erin N. Delhi next year. He is also keen to take Nagarvala School in Poona was given a part in the Olympic culinary competition rare present on his eightieth birthday. eiA in Frankfurt and Singapore in 1992 The autobiography of the educationist television. He has to his credit cam- where about 1,000 chefs from all over entitled Principal Nusserwanjee Dorab paigns like Vadilal ice-cream. Chockies the world will participate. Nagarvala - Life Sketch was presented chocolate. Garden Sarees, Thril and , to him on October 8, 1989 at a function Csango, writes the copywriter in a letter Promising talent when ex-students and associates gathered to Parsiana. According to Birdy, one Acclaimed as the '“wonder boy of vio- to greet him, notes the Poona edition of must know good English, have a vivid lin,” in Mid-day, August 3, 1989, 18- the Indian Express dated October 10. imagination, a sense of humor and a year-old Farhad Bomi Billimoria was This event made news in several local knowledge of human behavior to make a granted a four-year music scholarship by Marathi publications, successful advertisement that can influ- the Michigan State University School of ence people. A commerce graduate from the Lala October 14, 1989. The scholarship was book compiled by his relative Ms Meher Lajpatrai College of Commerce and Eco- granted in recognition of his “musical Nagarvala. nomics, the copywriter had initially ability and potential as a professional” in planned to be a chartered accountant be­ fore he opted for a career in advertising. Four years ago Birdy started out as a national Chambermusic Festivals held in trainee copywriter with Enterprise; he Austria where he got an opportunity to monthly salary of Rs 75, notes a write-up ' was then with Rediffusion for a few perform and also receive intensive train- months before joining Trikaya, notes Bombay. (Left) Iranpour: makes winning cakes (Right) Dilshad (top) and Farhad Billimoria: score in music Nearly two years ago, she participated in the Tenth International Chambermusic i it ¦ Acclaimed as the '“wonder boy of vio­ lin,” in Mid-day, August 3, 1989, 18- Dilshad too, like her brotherfirst started on the piano. Both of them re­ ceived their inspiration from their parents, Anahita and Bomi, themselves accom- The octogenarian ’s life sketch, letters Music, informed The Times of India of and sports activities are carried in the the field. Farhad has twice participated in Inter- A science graduate from the Fergus- son College, Poona, Nagarvala comm­ enced his teaching career as a cricket coach at the Shiv^i Military School on a in Swarajya, a Marathi fortnightly, of October 14-28, 1989. Subsequently, in 1947, he launched the National Model ing in the violin. Though the first instrument he learnt was the piano, at the age of 11 he School which was later renamed the Dr Three golds for the chef switched to the violin under the tutorship (Mrs) Erin N. Nagarvala School. Despite The only chef to be honored with three of Ms Jini Dinshaw, co-founder of the continued on page 36 12 Parsiana May 1990ZOROASTRIANS ABROAD An assertion of independence Arnavaz S. Mama Religious life in North America should be governed by the mobeds, says Ervad Kobad Zarolia “The mobeds won’t do something just because the community says ‘do it!’...If any changes (in religious practices) come about in North America, they will have to come from the mobeds,” says Ervad Kobad Zarolia, chairman of the proposed North American Mobed Council (NAMC). A voluntary mobed and president of the Zoroastrian Society of Ontario (ZSO) — the largest Zoroastrian anjuman in North America — Zarolia was candid about the problems that have been pre­ sented by the new environment in which Zoroastrianism is now required to be practiced and preserved. In an interview with Parsiana on January 18,1990 Zaro ­ lia explained how the mobeds of North America are exposed to two fronts. On the one hand the Bombay priests do not provide the unified guidance and advice they seek. On the other, their decision to be independent of political pressures has created an ambivalent situation vis-a-vis the Federation of Zoroastrian Associa ­ tions of North America (FEZANA): “FEZANA wanted us to be under them as a subcommittee, but the mobeds refused...FEZANA disliked this very much,” says Zarolia. “The Mobed Council wants some guidance from somewhere,” continues Zarolia. Whenever any queries are ad­ dressed to the Bombay authorities, “The answers are so different from each other — whom do we follow?” he asks. When the parallel, one-year-old Council of Ira­ nian Mobeds of North America refers any problem to Kankash-e-Mobedan, their elders in Tehran, “they get an . answer...with one voice.” As an ex­ ample Zarolia relates how Ervad Jehan Bagli, one of the three secretaries of the Zarolia, that “we may affiliate ourselves Mobed Council and editor of the FEZANA Journal, wrote to the Kankash- e-Mobedan seeking certain clarifications so that the Iranian community could be mobed organizations in North America, their inability to hold the meeting when served in the way in which it is accus- - _ _ tomed. They responded with “lots of in­ formation about the rituals. It gave us an year (ago). They have slightly different siana, October 1989). ZAC head priest idea: the Iranians have a different con- problems.” The Iranian Council, Zarolia Ervad Kersey Antia did not attend a Mobed explains, is very particular about the rights of mobed families. Their members include those who are not mobeds but be* long to mobed families. In contrast, the NAMC includes only those actively vol­ unteering their service to the North American community — about 55 to 60 individuals (of whom only 18 had at­ tended the meeting in Montreal in March 1989 — perhaps due to the costs of travel, as notes Zarolia). No observers are per­ mitted at meetings. Dr Ali Jafarey of the Zoroastrian Center in California, who had requested the status, was disallowed. The decision to eschew political links is based on the desire “to get away from what hap­ pened in Bombay (where mobeds) be­ came second class citizens, never taken seriously. None of us are doing it (pro­ viding religious services) for money. It’s a social service. We don’t want political links with anybody. Our minutes go to every association in North America. Nothing is done behind closed doors,” Zarolia adds. “The mobeds are not willing to be emotionally battered because of certain (controversial) decisions,” according to Zarolia who notes that the response rate for any survey in the North American community is “not more than five per­ cent.” Though choosing to remain independ­ ent of FEZANA — the mobeds even de­ clined FEZANA’s offer to contribute to­ wards the Council’s expenses, according to the minutes of the March meeting — a close liaison will be maintained with the federal body, according to the NAMC constitution which was to be ratified at cept of Zoroastrianism from what we the next meeting in April 1990 and regis- have.” There is a chance, according to J 14 Parsiana May 1990 A 1 PHOTO: VARGHESE FERNANDEZ /¦ tered thereafter. The 1990 meeting was scheduled to with the Iranian body (in Tehran) if India be held in Chicago over the Easter week- does not do anything. ” end but the Zoroastrian Association of There is no clash between the two Metropolitan Chicago (ZAC) registered says Zarolia. The Council of Iranian its mobeds withdrew from the NAMC Mobeds “was registered in California a (see “Rebuff to Mobed Council?” Par-k I meeting with Zarolia and four others, America. The question of uniform pro- nity identity ... The volunteers take the says Zamlia, adding, “Ha’s put pressure cedures to be followed in ceremonies in- trouble for themselves and fellow (on ZAC) not to join. Twice we have volving non-Zoroastrian spouses and Zoroastrians...We might not be able to invited him to discussions. (The ZAC their children will feature again in future maintain (that atmosphere if non-Zoroas- priests) have given no reason (for the agendas as no decision was reached. trians are present).” withdrawal). They say we’re not able to Estimating the North American com- In Toronto there is a strong Kooka- achieve anything. ” (However, in Par- . . . . siana'3 discussions with some of the ZAC informs that in Toronto itself 60 to 70 the late Ervad Nadirsha Aibara visited on office bearers, no mention was made of percent of Iranians are not members of the invitation of community members, any pressure from Antia, but rather of the association and are not listed in the “It is a plus for Zoroastrians, not a differences of opinion and approach be- directory. “In Ontario we changed the minus...Aibara ’s nirangs have helped a tween ZAC and the Council.) Zarolia ~ who has been leading the North Ameri­ can mobeds since 1983 — “It’s demo­ cratically done; every mobed has the chance to chair the meetings,” he notes — would like to pass on the chairmanship to someone else now. The mobed body would actively avoid any liberal/conservative casting when deliberating on controversial issues, says Zafolia. The draft constitution delineates ghambars to the Fasli calendar, its scope and aims: _ , _ • to expand and improve the understand- ans) in. But no!” Zarolia lists food, Ian- North American agiary by their own ing of... the theology, history, doctrines guage and way of life as the three divisive standards. It should suit the North and rituals of the religion; forces between the two arms of the com- American context...(For example) the • to provide service by officiating at... munity but the youth might gell, he feels, burning of firewood...the pollution: do navjotes, weddings, funerals, jashans and The “two cultures should be a source of we need to cut so many forests to main- ¦ ; tain our religion?... Ages back it was an hardly use the ‘Parsi ’ or ‘Irani ’ labels open fire in the center of town. In India- it became an organized building. Even in Bombay a lot of agiaries are not being Zarolia describes the North American maintained the way they should be...In community as “very active, very vibrant future there may be two types of agiaries. Estimating the North American com­ munity at approximately 10,000, Zarolia daru influence since about 1984-85 when lot of Parsis, given them peace of mind...The momentum is still strong. It takes a lot of time and dedication ” of the gentleman who provides the service, says Zarolia. “We’ve offered (the use of) the community hall, but he prefers to do it at , his home. Now there is celebration for Aibara also...” Keen to set up an adarian in North America, Zarolia feels that the difficul- We ties of maintaining it could be ironed out: diought this would really bring (the Irani- “People (in India) should not assess a ans) in. But no!” Zarolia lists food, lan- “In future there may be two types of agiaries, two types of communities ” all other ceremonies to satisfy the needs enhancement for the community. We of the community; I • to train young Zoroastrians for the there — mainly its‘Zoroastrian.’We do it navar and maratab ceremonies with an consciously.” aim to ordaining priests; • to encourage young mobeds in the per- ... formance of rituals by having them co- — both religion wise and community two types of communities...(The ques- officiate at various ceremonies; wise. They feel the need for getting to- tion of) who can come and who can go • to provide a complete list of prayers gether, the need for children to know the (will have to be discussed)... that must be recited on the occasion of Zoroastrian way of life...If we do some- navjote, marriage, funeral and jashan thing and hurt the community, it’s no use ceremonies together with a short mean­ ing in English; . • to maintain an up-to-date list of all mini council of mobeds in Toronto had assets in India are locked up in the pr^- practicing mobeds who can officiate at accepted the change — we got a lot of erties of defunct and dwindling various ceremonies; flak. Now after three years everyone ac- anjumans, Zarolia counters that a prop- • to assist their respective associations in maintaining records of all navjotes, mar­ riages and death ceremonies performed (they’re) not allowed because a lot of on the North American continent; • to make efforts to facilitate the per­ formance of Iranian and Parsi Zoroas­ trian rituals and customs; • to prepare booklets of prayers and cere­ monies with English explanations (for atmosphere...We -maintain the fire con- general and regular use); I . . • to monitor and reject any changes to the Zoroastrian youth to clean the place, munity is self-sufficient, self-reliant, original Zoroastrian prayers. People donate flowers. There’s hum- Once we establish fire-temples, the need At the Montreal meeting the mobeds bandagi in the evenings. The ladies stay will diminish.” Commenting on the had decided that their involvement in the for five days and cook all the (traditional) quizzical community behavior Zarolia religious education of the laity would be food except for darun (traditional conse- notes, “When there is another body will­ in an advisory capacity only and that crated unleavened bread). Collective ing to lead, Bombay Parsis will blame it. there was no scope for establishing a prayers are said and 350 names But when they had the chance for so seminary or initiating priests in North (intoned)...It all preserves the commu- many years, they wouldn’t take it.” “You (in India) can give us the money to build an agiary in North Amer- doing it. When we changed tfie ghambars ica — we need one,” Zarolia reiterates, to the Fasli calendar —the majority of the When it is pointed out that community flak. Now after three years everyone ac­ cepts it...We accept non-Zoroastrian erty swap with Christian churches could spouses at ceremonies. Only at muktad be arranged. " But once an adarian is established in people want to preserve the same North America, the links with Bombay atmosphere.” Zarolia explains the discre- ' “ pency: “We feel (there should be) no non- Zoroastrians at muktad as the mobeds go Zoroastrians to continue the link, they through a lot of trouble to maintain that must organize themselves to give ans- ¦ wers with one voice. Otherwise the link tinuously for five days, encourage will break. Each North American com- may become more tenuous, feels Zarolia: “If Parsis in India want North American 15 Parsiana May 1990Canada ’s open doors “Recently, Canada has flung its doors occupation in the candidate ’s field — wide open and many Parsis are arriving here,’: writes Sarosh Bharucha of On­ tario. Having personally suffered the no jobs which have zero points,” writes ship, students who complete their studies problem of insufficient information on immigration criteria, Bharucha has com­ piled a useful base for aspiring Parsiana immigration ministry — if not, zero; for applications for immigration from out- readers. “While Canada does establish world­ wide targets for the number of immi ­ grants it plans to accept, it does not set and spoken English and French can gen- any national quotas,” informs Bharucha. Applicants are divided into six classes: • The “family class” of spouse, never- married children of any age, and par­ ents, gains'almost automatic entry sub­ ject to a medical examination, notes Bhanicha. • The “independent applicant ” is re­ quired to score at least 70 points from a total of 100, subdivided into nine crite­ ria: education (12 points) registers one point for each successful year of primary person to come to Canada on the spon- and secondary education; specific voca­ tional preparation assigns 15 points for the filing of an application for immigra- training of 10 years or more; two points tion after two years from within the are granted for each year of experience country. for specific vocational preparation of • The entrepreneur and investor class are four years or more and decreases for required to make a financial investment lesser time periods; 15 points are of between $ 50,000 and $2,50,000. awarded on the basis of availability of • Refugees are judged on the basis of per­ secution in the country of origin. While all children bom in Canada automatically receive Canadian citizen- zero points under this head is an auto­ matic bar to entry, but “in 1990 there are Bharucha; the candidate scores 10 points there are required to leave on the com- for an arranged job offer certified by the pletion of their courses and file their each year above or below the age range side the country. Indian readers may of 21 to 44 years, two points are sub­ tracted from 10 points; fluency in written seek an up-date on Bharucha ’s informa ­ tion from the immigration section of the Canadian High Commission at Shanti erate 15 points; 10 points are set aside for Path, Chanakyapuri, PO Box 5209, New the candidate ’s personal suitability, as- Delhi 110021. sessed at the interview, and five points are reserved by the immigration minister un- Parsi CFlCket cirCuit? der “levelscontrol.” Parsi cricketers are entering a new phase • Individual applicants who can claim to of the game with teams crossing conti- be “assisted relatives” with an under­ taking of support from a Canadian citi ­ zen, are awarded an additional 10 points ZSO president Kobad Zarolia. The On­ to their personal score as above. • The domestic servant class allows a nents. This July, Ontario will host the UK eleven in a return match, informs tarians had begun the series with a visit to the UK some time ago. And then there is an open invitation sorship of a Canadian family and permits from hotelier and trustee Byram Avar! of the Karachi Parsi Anjuman Trust Funds to play in Karachi in December, adds Zarolia. Compiled by Amavaz S. Mama With Best Compliments From STEELAGE INDUSTRIES LTD ManufELcturers Of steel Furniture, Bank Security Equipment, Fire Resistant Cabinets, Fire Alarm/Hydrant Systems Address: Post Box No 16213 Opp Post Office Mazagaon Bombay 400010 Phone: 8512960-61 Cable: “STEELAGE” Telex: 011 75728 STMX IN Fax: 8512954 16 Parsiana May iSdOPOLITICS AND POLICY BREAKING THE SILENCE f After a communication break of over two years the Bombay Parsi Punchayet trustees restart the dialogue Arnavaz S. Mama . (BPP) trustees. Having run through five • Attendance record of BPP trustees at The last general community press larly. Dr (Ms) Mehroo Bengalee being conference convened by the BPP was on particularly remiss because of her work The system was i " " ~ the representatives of one community trustees’ meeting with Parsiana and has .... . _ . ------, .-----T-.J------------------ they had met the representatives of The date. Read^ had even charged Parsiana Although the Punchayet has cooper- “conspiracy of silence,” on the reported ated with Parsiana whenever specific in- absenteeism of the trustees, especially There is a fair chance of the Anjuman ‘ What is the position on the Godrej Baug election register. (The publication is yet Committee elections being held next Agiary construction? When will it be to make its debut as this issue of Pur­ year, inform Bombay Parsi Punchayet consecrated? siana goes to press.) ¦ ¦ ~ Parsiana was concerned about reports years of litigation, attempts to amend the fortnightly meetings for 1989? that not all trustees attend meetings re^- existing electoral scheme now pend the The last general community press larly. Dr (Ms) Mehroo Bengalee being resolution of a very narrow issue — conference convened by the BPP was on particularly remiss because of her work whether or not those who contributed Rs January 30, 1988. The system was pressure as vice-chancellw of Bombay 7,500 to BPP charities, under the order dropped in favor of the trustees meeting University. She was not present for the framed by Justice H. Suresh of the Bom- the representatives of one community trustees’ meeting with Pr^siana and has bay High Court, have the right to vote for publication at a time. Earlier in the year not attended any Federation meetings to trustees — according to the trustees. they had met the representatives of The date. Readers had even charged Parsiana The information was provided at a Bombay Samachar. and the Parsi^ Press in genial with a joint meeting of six trustees on March ~ “ 14, 1990 which was attended by P(ir- r siana at the BPP’s invitation. Parsiana formation is sought, the compt^entali- Bengalee, from the board meetings. « _________ .^1.^ ________1__ Izxn/v WKiIa fllA COI/I lizr\ll1/1 flAt accepted the invitation on the undo-- zation of the Press, coupled with long While the Punchayet said they would not standing that the matter discussed could lapses of silence, the suspension of all reveal records of individual attendance, be used for publication and, in addition, BPP publications and the absence of they would provide. Parsiana with the < which they sought information. These in the community, the trustees were in­ questions were: formed. J • In light of the population projections Kanga countered, “Is there enough ma- presented at the Fifth World Zoroastrian terial to justify frequent meetings?” Congress (5WZC) are the BPP’s priori- <’ * ~ ‘ /'' * — - ties being reassessed and what are the board would consider Parsiana's sugges- new priorities? l’ An aggravating factor is the suspen­ sion of the BPP’s own newsletter since standing that the matter discussed could lapses of silence, the suspension of all reveal records of individud attendants, sent a letter listing seven subjects on elections, leads to unhealthy speculation general data which formerly used to ap- ¦ • “ ”¦ • -------------- “ ¦ P®ar in the BPP Quarterly Review. The Though trustee Jamsheed general data later revealed that there wo’e only two meetings, of 26 in the whole year (April ’89-March ’90); when chairman Dr AspiGolwalla noted that the all seven trustees were present. At the _;___ 22 ‘J ~ ‘ * __ • time of their election each trustee had tion to hold at least one general press ccxi- assured the Press of his/her willingness • What is the position on election re- ference, annually. and ability to devote time to Punchayet • forms? When will the next anjuman An aggravating factor is the suspen- work. Bengalee had stated, however, in committee elections be held? sion of the BPP’s own newsletter since an interview with Parsiana on October • Why has the BPP stopped the press con- end 1987. The BPP Quarterly Review 18, 1986 (prior to becoming a trustee) ferences? was expected to be replaced with a bi- that she did not feel “the need to attend • Why has the BPP suspended the Quar- monthly newsletter in April 1988. The all the board meetings” though she terly Review pending the launch of the Quarterly, explained BPP chief execu- would put in “even more than 10 to 12 new newsletter? five Rustom Anklesaria, was considered hours a week (on Punchayet work).” The • What is the position regarding WZO to be “too prosaic.” The four to six-page records reveal the following picture: On (World Zoroastrian Organisation)? What bimonthly will be published in April/ five occasions there were only four trus- is the position regarding forming a new May, assured Anklesaria and distributed tees present; another eight meetings pro­ world body? to all i9,0(X) Parsis on the BPP’s primary ceeded with five trustees attending. 17 Parsiana May 1990There were 11 meetings when six trus­ tees attended. This attendance record ac­ quires greater relevance in terms of the Bombay High Court had coined, on cot - P prevailing Punchayet policy according to sultation, that the Rs 15,000 rule would 5WZC, Congress chairman and BPP trus- which all seven trustees regulate the al- apply only to prospective donors and that tee Jamshed Guzder spoke of the pro- lotment of flats. those who had paid Rs 7,500, when that posed creation of the Interregional Work on the Godrej Baug Agiary has was the legally qualifying donation, Zoroastrian Congress Council of 20 been hampered by shortage of funds, should be considered as donor members nominated members representing their Planned to accommodate two sacred of the BPP. respective regions. It was felt that such a fires and a hall, as noted Golwalla, the structure envisaged an outlay of 40 to 50 ber one bugbear. To meet the challenge all parts of the world to coordinate vari- of a dwindling population, the trustees ous projects. There was a call for a cen- say they have revised their merit rating tral secretariat with costs to be shared by scheme for flats so that 45 percent of all the regional bodies. The Iranian delega- housing is earmarked for couples with tion had already given Rs 50,000 towards wives within the childbearing age. An- the project, said Guzder. The Federation other 15 percent is reserved for any cate- of Zoroastrian Associations of North gory with an annual family income of less America (FEZANA) had also proposed a than Rs 18,000. meeting in September/October 1990 to The scheme has been under fire in the specifically address the question of form­ Press, especially when noted solicitor ing a world body. Rustomji Gagrat berated the Punchayet, holding up a particular case as an ex- presented at the 5WZC, apart from the earlier mentioned hike in housing reser­ vation for couples in the reproductive There were only two meetings out of 26 in the whole year when all seven trustees were present bute an additional Rs 7,500 to gain donor puterize the data on housing, informed the registration. Ex judge D. M. Rege of the trustees. Recounting the followup on the Housing continues as the BPP’s num- body would enable the community from In terms of population projections lakh rupees, informed Kanga as versus ample. Gagrat had claimed that an appli- 10 or 11 lakh rupees that the Doongaji cant of long standing had found that ac- clan may contribute in toto. So far five cording to the revised ratings he was dis- age-group, Kanga said, “the area in lakh rupees had been received, informed qualified because his income level was which we shall be required to move (will Golwalla. Hence the structure may rise substantially higher than when he had be) to provide for old people’s homes.” in phases, initially being sufficient to first applied. Gagrat had claimed that the BPP trustees Eruch Desai and Minoo house but a single sacred fire, as noted party was being victimized. Shroff were of the opinion that the small Kanga. “ It may not be possible to successfully current levels of income mattered — not bore a well in the Agiary precincts due to the level that prevailed when the app- the rocky nature of the terrain but only lication was made, perhaps seven or versible. On the other hand in light of the certain ceremonies like the vendidad and eight years ago. Asked Kanga poin- declining population, would we need the ijashne require a well, assured tedly, “Suppose (chairman of the State more housing? Though 65 percent of Golwalla, quoting high priest Dastur (Dr) Bank of India Maneck) Goiporia had Zoroastrians in Bombay already reside in Hormazdyar Mirza of Udwada. On the applied when he first joined the bank, community houses, “we can’t plan on positive side, the Gujarat charity com- Can he now be considered on those missioner had granted permission for the terms?” He reiterated that Godrej Baug shifting of the Doongaji Agiary fire from land was released by the government for Bharuch. The sacred fire will initially be the use of the community’s weaker housed in the BPP’s Godavara Agiary sections (officially defined as an annual before being enthroned at Godrej Baug, family income of less than Rs 18,000) informed Anklesaria. and there should be no grounds for The BPP, by a majority decision of the government to feel that the com- four trustees to three, is seeking the inter- munity was misusing it. “Among Parsis, cession of the High Court to iron out the if someone makes a recommendation final wrinkle in its election scheme. This and we don’t accept it, they take it revolves round the right of donors, who personally... The merit of the system is contributed Rs 7,500 to BPP funds, to that we display the ratings of the appli- r ’¦' '* ’ ¦ * Anklesaria. According to Justice' H. protests, we are willing to review it.” An- Kanga. “Only a major cataclysm will cre­ ate such a situation, ” seconds BPP trustee Homi Ranina. The Punchayet was represented by The BPP trustees were resolved that family norm, coupled with education and a high standard of living was a socioeco­ nomic phenomenon which may be irre- “Among Parsis, if someone makes a recommendation and we don’t accept it, they take it personally ” . . _ „ ¦ the situation that 10 to 15 years hence qualify on the donor register, explained cants on the notice boards. If anyone there may be no need for flats,” says Anklesaria. /----- 2 * ’ ’ ------- ”¦ ' ‘ Suresh’s judgment Of 1987, the mini ­ mum donation qualifying for member­ ship of the donor register was raised from system can be 100 percent foolproof.” The Punchayet was represented by Rs 5,000 to Rs 7,500. This level having Now all seven trustees decide on flat trustees Dr Aspi Golwalla, Eruch Desai, been subsequently raised to an agreed Rs allocations by consensus in contrast to the Jamsheed Kanga, Homi Ranina, Jamshed 15,000, there were questions regarding earlier system where only one or two trus- Guzder and Minoo Shroff, chief execu­ tive Rustom Anklesaria, joint secretaries kiesaria noted that each case is being re­ viewed in light of the new norms but “no 15,000, there were questions regarding earlier system where only one or two trus- the fate of the donors of Rs 7,500 — tees were in charge, said Golwalla. The whether they should be considered on par trustees were also discussing with Hormusji Kapadiaand Ms Gool Tata and with other donors or be asked to contri- software companies how best to com- PRO Enich Sethna. 18 Pvsiana May 1990RELIGION Tucked away in a narrow alley, miracu ­ lously untouched by the thronging crowds in the heart of Bombay ’s busiest commer­ cial center, stands the Banaji Limji Agiary. The high compound walls of the Agiary are unmistakable as one branches off theDadabhoy Naoroji Road at Flora Fountain and plunges into an undistin­ guished lane named after Banaji — the merchant prince and founder of the Agiary. The simple facade is unimpos­ ing, and bereft of p*etensions but is said to enshrine the oldest sacred fire in Bom­ bay. The government is said to have recog­ nized the institution as a historical monu­ ment of national importance, according to an unnamed press clipping reproduced by the Calcutta Gavashni (June-July 1989). The recognition, placing the Agiary on equal footing with the Prince of Wales Museum and the Victoria Terminus, is said to have been recorded in the relevant gazette but the trustees say they have not received any official intimation from the government. The entire Agiary exudes an old-world charm combined with a tranquil and spiri ­ tual atmosphere. In the afternoons, save for the occasional chirping of birds and Meeting of goats, one is engulfed in pin­ drop silence. According to Ervad Godrej Panthaky who has been associated with the Agiary since 1965 and has taken over as pan­ thaky since 1984, the Agiary is quite self- sufficient. The funds are adequate and devotees keep donating. Very often on the occasion of a navjote or a wedding, do- 1 nors contribute about 30-100 kgs of kathi. I The staff too, according to the panthaky, I is cooperative, peaceful and happy. I While die corpus of the nibhav (mainte- I nance) fund (as on March 31, 1989) was I in the neighborhood of Rs 3,42,0(X) that ? of the gambhar fund was Rs 8,72,781. Over the years Panthaky has observed a certain .fixed set of regular (almost daily) worshijqiers. The mornings usu­ ally attract about 30 devotees followed by _ 18 to 20 in the afternoons and 8 to 10 in I the evenings. Most of them throng in ] from neighboring banks, and other com­ mercial establishments. Between 11 a.m. and 1 p.m. there are usually no visitors. ' Muktads at the Agiary are observed for I both 10 and 18 days with about 83 ; tables (79 separate family tables and four t ANAJI LIMJI AGIARY OLD WORLD CHARM Noshir Dadrawaia The 145-year-old Agiary in Fort, Bombay, is said to enshrine the oldest consecrated fire in the city J:®' ¦' 4^; 20 Parsiana May 1990 1t 5 of the anjuman) laid out. Ninety-nine mobeds. The seniormost, Maneck Jijina percent of the devotees are office goers has served the Agiary for 40 years. The and this is amply borne out by the fact other mobeds include Rustom Sahiyar, that on Sundays and bank holidays, even Rusi Kanga, Tehmurasp Panthaky, Soli if it be New Year or Khordadsal, very few Hozdar and Homiyar Karanjia. devotees turn up iij the morning and the The part-time mobeds include Farokh number is almost reduced to zero by after- Balsara who is presentiy reading for his noon and evening. While on ordinary MCom, Cowas Gowadia who has retired days about 10-12 afringan ceremonies char, and his son Adi Ban^. In addition from Hong Kong Bank, Ramiyar Gowa- and six to seven frokshis are performed, there are Bachamai Rustomji Wadia and dia a watch repairer, Ervad Desai who on Fravardin roj, the number shoots upto Nani Daruwala of Ratan Mama and has retired from an insurance company, 30 afringans and 25 frokshis, followed by Company, chartered accountants. The Dadi Pavri who serves in the Central 45 afringans and seven to eight frokshis running of the Agiary is smooth and ap- Bank, Zarir Panthaky who is working on Behram roj. parently there are no rumblings. Dastur with Nowrosjee Wadia and Sons and The trustees, according to Panthaky, Meherji Meherjirana of Navsari and Rus- Mahiyar Panthaky who is serving in the are very orthodox and will not permit tom Patel are also associated with the New India Assurance Company. any repairs except at the hands of a Parsi. Agiary, in that they are trustees of the The total number of chasniwalas is six Of the five trustees, three belong to the Nanabhoy Banaji Yejeshni and Gambhar with two of them engaged for kitchen Banaji family; Dadi Banaji, an architect Fund. by profession, Buijor Banaji, the adver­ tising manager of The Bombay Sama- whom we met and interviewed at the for- Agiary, in that they are trustees of the work. The full-time mobeds earn about Rs 1,000 per month with an additional in- mer’s plush office at Ali Chambers, the come of about Rs 200. The part-time Agiary does not face any major adminis ­ trative problems. The younger Dadi is keen to induct young, motivated Parsis about Rs 7 and allow them to shoulder the responsi- eluding the panthaky, sleep According to Dadi and Burjor Banaji, cannot even keep a varasyaji (sacred white bull). Whenever the need arises. mobeds earn about Rs 650 to Rs 700 per month. The remaining employees earn 300 per month. All of them, in- the panthaky, sleep on the bility of managing the institution. “We wooden benches of the Agiary between are all pressed for time,” he bemoaned, ceremonies, when their presence is re- “If young professionals can find the time quired in the Agiary. and have the inclination, they should be given an opportunity.” The more senior space” bemoans Panthaky. Buijor is cautious and pointed out a pro­ vision in the trust deed whereby only for the four goats in the compound, we members of the Banaji family can be­ come trustees. Both Dadi and Burjor eulogized the we bring the varasyaji from Nargol. Last services of former panthaky Framroz year the varasyaji was here from January Panthaky who served the Agiary between to May. If only we had the space,” con- 1944 and 1984. “He was a thorough pro- tinned Panthaky, “we could maintain fessional in ceremonial work and brought (one) on a permanent basis. There are glory to the Agiary, ” noted Dadi. plenty of volunteers willing to take care WTiile Burjor’s experience with the (of the animal) and there would l)e no Agiary spans over a period of four dec­ ades that of Dadi ’s spans over one. Buijor looks after the religious depart- quirements.” “The Agiary does not have adequate “We have no quarters for the mobeds and except end to the number of devotees who would love to provide for his food re- The goats, looking the : ment and Dadi, the legal, financial and very picture of good health, are often administrative side of management. loaned to the neighboring Dadiseth Panthaky, a qualified lawyer having Agiary for ceremonial purposes, he in­ worked for Waicha and Company, So- forms. licitors for 25 years, is assisted by six other full-time and seven part-time Far left: Main entrance to the Agiary Left: Welter of furniture on the enclosed porch Above left: Dadgahfire in the Urwisgah Again, for reasons of inadequate space, no lecture programs are held in the Agiary, The last lecture, recalled Panthaky, was given by the late Dastur Navrooz Minochehr-Homji some 10 to 12 years ago. However, according to a booklet published by the trustees of the Top: Ornamental, stained-glass fravashi Agiary in 1959 when the adarian com- Photos: Yasmin Poonegar plctcd 250 years, a large number of lec-tures on Ilm-e-Khshnoom were held in community in Surat. A man of adventur- long and arduous voyages, he relin- the Agiari premises during the time of ous spirit, Banaji left his native place, quished his seat in favor of his brother, Ervad Phiroze Masani and Jehangir Ch- Bhagwa-Dandi in Surat district, and along Maneckji. After Maneckji’s death in iniwalla. with his younger brother Navroji Limji 1775 his son Cooverji (1725-1815) and There is little information available came to Bombay in the year 1690. As a grandson Dossabhai (1763-1835) man- regafding the early history of the Banaji businessman he flourished and, while the aged the affairs of the Agiary. During Foidi r uiiviiajvu 111, woo >>uix m Dossabhai s tenure as administrator, the formative stage. He rose to the status of Agiary reached the pinnacle of its glory. It gave the community some of the most learned and capable yozdathregars (full- fledged priests). Dasturji Jamshedji Ed­ ulji Bahmanji Jamaspasa (1788-1847) was the head priest of the Agiary and under him the Agiary almost became a madressa (seminary). Requests poured in from all over the country to depute pucca yozdathregars for consecrating fire­ temples and dokhmas in places outside Bombay. In 1824 Sardar Bahadur Sorabji Davar (dispenser of justice). The first Ratanji Patel of Poona invited Jamaspji “We have no quarters for the mobeds...we cannot even keep a varasya/i” I Agiary, popularly known as the Kote ni Parsi Punchayet in Bombay was still in its Agiary or the Fort Agiary. However, we learn from the booklet that the Agiary was first consecrated on roj Adar, mah Mas 1078 XT. i.e. June 25,1709. Soon after the Portuguese relin­ quished Bombay to the British in 1661, Surat lost its premiership and the Parsis migrated to the new sea port in large numbers. There is evidence that the Par­ sis had settled in Bombay even during the Portuguese period. Records indicate a reference to Dorabji Nanabhoy, a trader and agent of Bombay in the year 1640. .... According to the Gazetteer of Bombay Davar amongst the Parsis in India had Edulji Bahmanji Jamaspasa of the Banaji City and Island (Vol I, page 156) the total been Behdin Changasha bin Asha (1425- Agiary, with the permission of the Parsi number of individuals inhabiting the is- 1520) of Navsari. Punchayet, to consecrate an agiary and land of Bombay in 1780 was 33,444. The Banaji Limji died at the ripe old age dokhma in Poona. He was later appointed Parsis numbered 3,087. By 1812 the num- of 80 {roj Behram, mah Dae 1103 Y.Z. head priest of Poona. ber of Parsis quadrupled to 13,156. i.e. July 30, 1734) having lived just long After Dossabhai ’s death, Hormusji The Agiary’s founder, Banaji Limji enough to celebrate the Agiary’s silver Ratariji Maneckji Banaji (1784-1865) (1654-1734), was the son of Limji Rus- jubilee. After Banaji ’s demise his eldest took charge. Under his leadership the tomji Aspandyarji Asaji who, according son Behramji (1681-1753) ascended the cause of providing a new building to to the Parsi Prakash (Vol 1, page 844- seat of Davar. However, on account of house the holy fire was espoused. We 845) was an akabar (leader) of the Parsi frequent absence from the country on learn from the little booklet brought out 1520) of Navsari. Banaji Limji died at the ripe old age of 80 {roj Behram, mah Dae 1103 Y.Z. head pries^of Poona. i.e. July 30, 1734) having lived just long /" With the compliments of P. S. KUKA Chairman GOODWILL THEATRES PVT LTD OWNERS NOVELTY CINEMA (THEATRE MAGNIFICENT) Rendezvous of the Elite L oa ParsianA May 1000by the trustees in 1959 that the great fire Seth Rustomji Kavasji Banaji and Seth family, presented Hormusji Banaji with a of 1803 had caused much damage to the Dadabhai Rustomji Banaji who jointly rich shawl before the members of the Agiary and destroyed several important contributed Rs 5,000; Maneckji Limji Parsi anjuman. records of the Banaji family and the Kavasji Banaji and Seth Dinshaw According to Buijor Banaji the area Agiary. The holy fire was temporarily Nanabhai Framji Davar (grandfather of surrounding and belonging to the Agiary shifted to the Bai Soonaiji Hirji Jivanji Justice Sir Dinshaw Davar) who gave Rs at that time was vast. It stretched right up Readymoney Fire-temple at Gowalia 2,500 each; and Hormusji Ratanji Man- to what is today the end of Cowasji Patel Tank and funds for the Agiary were eckji Banaji and Framji Nusserwanji Street. The sea was also just round the raised bv contributions within the com- Patel who contributed Rs 1,500 each. comer. Even after construction, on which no rmsed by contributions within the com- Patel who contributed Rs 1,500 each. But there were poorer sections of the community whose impoverished circum- pains or expenses were spared, there was stances did not permit any substantial a surplus of Rs 11,034 out of Rs 23,000 contributions in the form of money. Un- collected. This princely sum - in those daunted, they subscribed their mite in a days it certainly must have been a treasure novel manner by throwing into the foun- -- was deposited with the firm of Tpramji dation innumerable eggs and several hun- Kavasji Banaji. When Framji died in dreds of mugs of toddy. This was 1851, his widow Bachubai called a meet- churned along with other construction ing of eminent Parsis and requested them material as an act of faith, to strengthen to take charge of the money left in the the foundation. The building was com- name of the Agiary by her late husband pleted — it is the same one that stands who had been its sole custodian. It was munity and from members of the Banaji there today — and was inaugurated on then that the idea of forming a trust was family. Approximately Rs 23,000 were April 15, 1845 (roj Behram, mah Meher mooted. The trust was eventually formed collected. Among the list of contributors 1214 YZ.). Great festivity marked the in 1901 and named Banaji Limji Agiary one finds the names of Framji Kavasji day and the Banaji family was profusely Fund. The Nanabhoy Banaji Yajeshni Behramji Banaji and Khurshedji Kavasji thanked and feted. Seth Framji Kavasji and Gambhar Trust Fund was endowed in Banaji who contributed Rs 5,000 each; Banaji (1768-1851), the patriarch of the 1875 for various religious and ceremonial purposes. Banaji Mansion, situated just opposite the Agiary, was donated by Sir D. M. Petit, first baronet, much later. The bi-centenary of the Adarian was celebrated in 1909 with much gusto and Cooverji Nanabhoy Dhunjibhoy Banaji spent a lot of money repairing the existing structure. The credit for installing electric fittings including lights and fans at a cost of Rs 1,200 in 1930 goes to Seth Hor­ musji Nanabhoy Dhunjibhoy Banaji. The building is still fairly strong. According to Burjor the holy fire was shifted once before 1900 — to the Lan- grana Agiary in order to facilitate repairs. “The time to repair the roof has come near and we might take the work in hand (in) 1990,” noted Burjor. The fire will not have to be shifted. As we walk out of the Agiary, we feel a strange force — like having our spiritual batteries recharged at the altar of Ahura Mazda. Next to the well two Parsis were performing the kusii (holy ablution) and while we bowed for the last time near the main gate, we eyed a non-Zoroastrian bowing his head in reverence. We were informed that this was not a solitary case. Like the regular set of Parsi devotees, there is an equally large set of non-Parsi devotees who bow their heads in prayer (some even seek boons and request Parsi fnends to offer sandalwood) and offer their obeisance outside the high walls of the Agiary. Requests poured in to depute yozdathregars for consecrating fire-temples and dokhma^ Hormusji is endowed with a strong zest for life. Yet, something has sapped his joie de vivre. What was this unspoken thing, often tangentially touched upon by him and his wife Piroja, but never openly discussed? DOONGAJI HOUSE a play in five acts by Cyrus Mistry had won the 1978 Sultan Padamsee Award DOONGAJI HOUSE directed by Toni Patel will be staged for the first time with a cast that includes Nosherwan Jehangir, Meher Jehangir, Soli Marker, Denzil Smith, Ninaz Khodaiji, Torak Pavri, Kashmira Patel Venue: Alliance Francaise, Theosophy Hall, 40, New Marine Lines Dates: July 6,1990 at 6.30 p.m. July 7,1990 at 5.00 p.m. Admission by donor cards available July 5 onwards at the P. E. N. Office (next door to Alliance Francaise) between 3.00 and 5.00 p.m. No seat reservation. Further shows to be announced later. 24 Parsiana May 1990 LHISTORY Manekji Limji Hataria: Redeeming a community Arnavaz S. Mama Hataria injected the Iranian Zoroastrians with a new elan with which they seized the opportunities of the twentieth century sheltered by Bhikhaji Behramji Panday, a respectable Parsi shopkeeper and married to Rustamji Dorabji Patel who carved his ______ ____________name into history by holding the island of prohibited and only three Bombay for the British against Koli at- ¦ ¦' ¦ " tacks in 1692. The next celebrated arrival in Bom- being necessarily within the reach of a Mussulman’s outstretched arm, as wrote Overcome by emotion, Napier Malcolm in Five Years in a Per­ sian Town. Double doors and upper storeys were i windows were allowed, noted Malcolm, adding that they could build below road -r , v level, if they so wished! Crowning the bay was that of the beautiful Gulisto _ ___________________ public and private humiliations of their Banu. Fearing her abduction by the rich to perform a memorial jashan on the daily life was the hateful Jazia c TaHy extortcd from a people who could “Hame Irani chhaiye. Manekji sahib ni mudud (We are Iranis. Respected Ma- nekji’s help)...” C ', - unable to continue coherently, the two elderly Iranis withdraw from the mike to quietly distribute 100 rupee notes as ashodad to each of the nearly 60 mobeds who joined Dastur (Dr) Firoze Kotwal, High Priest of the H. B. Wadia Atas Bah­ ram, I . ' ' centenary of Manekji Limji Hataria ’s death under the aegis of 13 Zoroastrian institutions including the Bombay Parsi Punchayet (BPP), the Iran League and oriental potentate, armed like a brigand, ther during the turmoils of the interreg- the Athoman Mandal. Dressed like an Muslim trader who desired her, Gulis- oAtuttvv, _______________ tan’s father Kai Khosru-i-Yazdyar tody l^p body and Suf together. Bad smuggled her to Bombay where father hd UIV dltuawwi* TV MO ••••*- •».—--------- -------- - r* T'J 1’* TS U” T k is when there was a strong ruler in nevolent family of Edul^ Dorabji^L^h- Tehran, conditions deteriorated even fur- as the situation was in normal times, that and daughter were tefrien^d ^Y l^e be- kari. Gulistan Velatan (Gulistan the for- efgner) eventually married Framji Bhikhaji Panday and became “a well­ loved member of the Bombay commu­ nity, being as good as she was beauti ­ ful,” writes Boyce. She inspired her husband to aid “‘with body, mind and those Iranians who reached the man who devoted nearly 35 years of nums when mob rule and banditry pre- his life to alleviate the wretchedness of vai^d. his fellow Zoroastrians in Iran, look<^ through his portrait upon the gathering in the Atash Bahram ’s main hall with stern ^^"in'^an^enUghtening address in Gujarati the tofshing sea uade between ^Gujarat Bombay and it is ^^d he earn^ Contact with the Zoroastrians of India had been fitful. The Rivayats attest to the written exchanges between the Parsis of Gujarat and the dasturs of Persia but money’ 1 the Persian Gulf notwithstanding, right to be called ‘the father of the Irani there is little record of secular contact be- Parsis,’” notes Boyce, quoting Ifataria. tween the two communities before the The resourceful father, helped by his In- after the jashan, Kotwal sought to place and Hataria ’s achievements in the perspec- I*"' tive of the misery of Iranian Zoroastrians tween the two communities before the me resourcerui lau.cr, -- who were then not accepted as “people nineteenth century, writes Dr (Ms) Mary dian hosts, made three trips to Iran to rtf thp Rook’” contemotuouslv known as Boyce in a monograph on Haiaria in the tnevc his entire tami Y- “ystXically K. R. Coma Or^nlal Institute Golden The fervor spread to Gul,Stan’s sons: gueoers, mey were a ? ______ uHeUod iqao Pv . Burjorji, the eldest, started a fund to help __ _____. the incoming fugitives. Twenty years flight. Obviously, later Meherwanji began a second fund to Parsis, _____ __ Boyce in a monograph on Haiaria in the trievc his entire family. ................. • V systematically K. R- Cama Oriental Institute Golden decimated, the Muslim laws of inheri- Jubilee Volume published in 1969. Ex- tance favoring the Islamic converts of treme provocation led particular indi- Zoroastrian families; Zoroastrian books viduals to resort to f were periodically burnt and they were refused permission to renovate or restore agiaries or dokhmas; beautiful Zoroas- of Triumph,” Parsiana, March 1990, page.....................~ ' ' ' was embodied in their houses, the top only the successful ones lived to tell the aid Ira^n Zoroastrians in their own land tale Among them were Firoze and her and foTmded, along with others, the Soci- acTinnes or ooKninHS' ocauuiui z-Ajiuoa- sistcr who were entrusted to 3 (jermHn u* u trian uirls were abducted (see “A Story traveller by their parents who had been the Zoroastrians in Persia which came to tnan girls were abducted... (see A Mo^ converted to Islam, Boyce be known as the Amelioration Society. 43). The Zoroastrians ’ lowliness quotes Haiana s manuscript in a loot- • Brought to Bombay, Firoze was ety for the Amelioration of Conditions of 26 Parsiana May 1990 note. It was as an emissary of this Society that Hataria was despatched on March 31,! k 18^54 with “explicit instructions to inquire into and report upon the social, political and intellectual conditions of the Zoroas- trians in Persia,” informs D. F. Karaka in his History of the Parsis. The 41-year-old Hataria had been se­ lected for the task as he had been func­ tioning as a commercial agent for Jehangirji Nusserwanji (Jussawalla) Company in India over the past many years, his work requiring him to travel to Sind and other places. Why Hataria chose to leave Jehangirji Nusserwanji and opt to go to Iran is not known. Having earned his own livelihood since the age of 15, he was experienced, self-reliant and resourceful. His compact, sturdy physique was built to endure the prevalent rigors of life and travel. Such were his innate char­ acteristics of honesty, adaptability, tact and patience in negotiation, and physical and moral courage which sustained him through the gruelling years, that by 1864, i.e. 10 years after his first advent thither, he could report that the Muslims of Tehran had abandoned their contempt for the non-Muslim and extended to him “kindness and love.” Concerned with the spiritual and physical welfare of the Zoroastrian com­ munity, one of the first tasks he accom­ plished was the repair and enlargement of the ancient Atash Bahram in Yazd — in the teeth of traditional Muslim opposi­ tion — within a year of his landing there, informs Boyce. By 1857 the Atash Bah­ ram of Kerman had been rebuilt through Hataria ’s management and “the charitable gift of those endowed with liberality, the community of the Zoroastrians of India, ” Boyce quotes the inscription there. The village adarans of Qanat-ghesan near Ker­ man and Khorramshah near Yazd-.were siinilarly repaired. By 1864 he had new dokhmas erected at Yazd and Kerman, at Sahrifabad-i Ardekan-i Yazd and at Qanat-ghesan. These dokhmas replaced older ones and were a part of Hataria ’s work of preserving and restoring tradi ­ tion; writes Boyce. Much of this work was financed by the i ! L ¦i! Oi ¦ii 'H i . i Top: Iranian Zoroastrian family (circa 1904), contemptuously known as "gue- bers” Photo: A.V.H. Jackson’s Persia Past and Present Below (from left): Davor, Ervad Pali Master of the Iran League and Kotwal at the commemoration Photo: Russy Davar i. VI Parsiana May 1990I E The Zoroastrian school in Tehran founded by Hataria and (below) its students circa 1904 Photos: A.V.H. Jackson’s Persia Past and Present f' . I .. present year and hereafter, should this sum or a part thereof be exacted, they will be held responsible and punished; and, in levying the tithes and assessments on water and landed property, all the trading dues etc the Zoroastrians must be dealt with in the same manner as our other subjects are treated.” “Although many persons, ambassa ­ dors, statesmen, merchants, scholars and philanthropists contributed to achieving this triumph, the Persian Zoroastrians firmly give the whole credit to Manekji, ” writes Boyce. During these years, until the Jazia was repealed, the Persian Ame­ lioration Fund contributed Rs 1,09,564 towards the payment of the tax on behalf of downttodden Zoroastrians. Gobineau, in his Trois Ans en Asie, described Hataria as “a learned Parsi from Bombay ” who had accomplished the task entrusted to him in Persia “with a Some Parsis had urged Hataria to bring all surviving Zoroastrians to India Persian Amelioration Fund that was spon- help in the success of the mission) and a zeal and intelligence which do honor in taneously established at the public meet- host of others including the stalwart Da- the highest degree to himself and to his ing chaired by Sir Dinshaw Petit, first dabhoy Naoroji, then a member of the people with him.” US ambassador S. G. baronet, in 1855 when Hataria ’s report on British House of Commons. Petitions W. Benjamin in his book Persia and the the misery he wimessed around him was communicated to the Bombay commu­ nity. . While these concrete manifestations of ing in Iran, Hataria had obtained an audi- Hataria ’s presence sustained the morale ence with the Shah who marginally re- of the local Zoroastrians, Hataria ex- duced the total tax on the community, in plored every avenue to reach the center of deference to Haiaria ’s persuasive rendi- Zoroastrians from the bondage of the took 25 years of sustained pressure for the doubtless able to be of efficient service to T •_ _ 11______ f 1 ___i 1 _t i:_l I 1 J « rvi/\n i oto ” ble tax on non-Muslims who were ex- firman dated August 1882 which notes in empt from military service, “in the hands part: of unscrupulous tax-farmers it became a _ harsh tool for exaction, brutality and present auspicious year of the horse, we forced conversion,” says Boyce. In his i_______________________,________ diplomatic campaign Hataria conscripted the Zoroastrians from its payment hence- “Education had been forbidden to the British Ambassador Sir Henry Rawl- forward and forever... The present, and Zoroastrians and most of the laity were, inson, the French Ambassador Comte A. future Governors of these provinces (of of necessity, illiterate, ” writes Boyce. In de Gobineau (there is a letter from the Yazd and Kerman) are to consider the the teeth of general resenttnent and active BPP among Gobineau ’s papers at Strass- t— . , .. bourg University, thanking him for his now surrendered forever; and during the Hataria established schools for boys help in the success of the mission) and a host of others including the stalwart Da- British House of Commons. Petitions were forwarded to Shah Naseruddin Qajar Persians, wrote, “The head of the from Bombay, London and other Euro- Guebres in Persia is a very respectable old pean capitals. Within two years of land- gentleman named Manookjee; he resides at Tehran and is in frequent communica ­ tion with the Parsis of Bombay by whom it is said he is delegated to look after Guebre interests in Persia., As an English ^wer in his determination to relieve the tion of the Zoroastrian cause. However, it subject he is free from annoyance and Jazia. Originally conceived as an equita- tax to be abolished by Naseruddin’s royal his coreligionists.” That Hataria was a great man of ac­ tion, there can be no doubt. But an equal “Therefore, from beginning of the or greater quality was his perceptiveness. He instinctively discerned the areas remit this sum (845 tomans) and absolve where his help would be most effective. forward and forever... The present.and Zoroastrians and most of the laity were, future Governors of these provinces (of of necessity, illiterate, ” writes Boyce. In claim for the payment of this tribute as opposition from orthodox Mustims, . * ---------- 1 in 28 Parsiana May 1990>9 ««• Yazd and Kerman by 1857 — barely The equivocation was aggravated by the get it enforced.” “There was no security three years after his arrival. Enlisting ill-effects of Hataria ’s first Iranian meal in Iran for any Zoroastrian before support in Persia and India, he had estab ­ lished a boarding school in Tehran and, by 1882, there were 12 Zoroastrian pleasantly if chased down with water, schools in Iran. The first teachers in The thirsty Haiaria did just that and al- Tehran were Parsis from India, offering most convinced himself that his erst- secular education in reading, writing and while friend had plotted to poison him!, arithmetic. About the same time foreign missionaries had established one or two schools in Tehran which were attended by marked predilection towards the Babis only son Hormusji who had two daugh- Muslim boys, informs Boyce. “But in the (as the Bahais were then also known) dis- ters, by his wife Gulbai: Hirabai and Silla. main, thanks to Manekji’s wisdom and played by Manekji, the late Zoroastrian While Silla never married, Hirabai ’s un- Parsi philanthropy, the Zoroastrians of agent in Tehran at whose instigation the ion with NavrojiFardunji Davar fructified ~ ¦ ¦ ¦ Tarikh-i-Jadid or ‘New History’ of the in three sons — Maneckji, Hormusji and Bab ’s ‘Manifestations ’ was written, must Framroze. Tehmton Davar, Maneckji’s ------------------------------------------ ------------- third son, says that despite several at- f”ifQ2© and horsistor tempts on hislife,Arbab Manekji or Sam were entrusted to a German traveller by their forcibly converted parents — a mixture of curds and cucumber Manekji ’s advent, and indeed, despite all which, according to Browne, reacts un­ his toil, security remained precarious until the era of the Pahlavi dynasty which came to power in 1925,” notes Boyce. Hataria ’s great great grandson Tehmton Davar, executive manager of More importantly, Browne refers to the New India Assurance Company, Hataria ’s interest in Bahaism: “The traces their family tree; Hataria had an Persia received a modem education be­ fore the Muslims, and it is largely due to this... that they made such swift progress in attaining position and wealth” when restrictions progressively lightened. By the first decade of the twentieth century, Zoroastrian men were almost universally literate, notes Boyce. Hataria built a dharamshala in Tehran and his own presence there contributed to greater tolerance for Zoroastrians, leading to increased migration from the Mussafir as he was then affectionately known in Iran, survived to the age of 77. During his last days his son Hormusji was sent for. However, Hormusji landed in Bunder Abbas to get the news that his fa­ ther had died in Tehran. Hormusji himself was murdered in Bunder Abbas, says Davar. Hataria ’s manuscripts and papers, villages of Yazd and Kerman to the capi- also have reacted powerfully on his originally sent to the Anjuman Atash tai and to Bombay where they found Zoroastrian brethren.” But Boyce re- Bahram in Bombay, now rest in the li- freedom of worship and work, personal fuses to believe “that Manekji ever brary of the K. R. Cama Oriental Institute, dignity and opportunities for education wished to encourage an interest in Ba- informs the Atash Bahram ’s High Priest, and advancement, writes Boyce. Indeed, bism to the point of apostasies among his Dastur (Dr) Kaikhusroo J am asp Asa. some Parsis had urged Hataria to bring own community;... his predilection was Referring to Hataria as “Savior of all surviving Zoroastrians to India ‘but presumably a manifestation of his natural Iran,” Meheraban Zartoshty, together Hataria recognized the Iranians ’ love for intellectual curiosity, combined with a with his brother Faridoon - Iranian phi- their country and their -unwillingness to general interest in religion proper to one lanthropists who have contributed sub­ leave it, apart from the practical hurdles bom and bred in India.” stantially to community causes all over such an operation would entail. Among Hataria ’s other achievements, was his personal involvement in the mar­ riage and settlement of 1(X) poorer Zoroastrians and had to parry several memory. The information regarding the Zoroastrian girls, the reintroduction of murderous attempts on his own life. As Zartoshtys ’ donation of Rs 55,000 was the practice of ghambars and jashans, as M. M. Murzban in The Parsis in India issued in a press release by Ms Meher notes his obituary in Parsi Prakash, quotes Napier Malcolm: “Even after the Master-Moos, president of Mazdayasnie When he returned for a brief 18 months Jazia was withdrawn, the law of inheri- Monasterie and. the All India Shah after the first 10 years of his work in Iran, tance (according to which an Islamic Behram Baug Society, sponsors-of the the Amelioration Society presented him convert of a Zoroastrian family could College. with a purse of Rs 20,185 and a manpatra claim the inheritance in precedence over “Tk-ra nno nf mndam (scroll of honor) on behalf of the entire other, natural successors) was not al- Parsi community, notes Parsi Prakash. . He returned to Iran on August 3, 1865 houses were remitted, but the rest of the on a pedestal outside the Atash Bahram where he is said to have held a position of firman remained a dead letter.” Malcolm of Yazd,” concludes Boyce. “(It) honor in the Iranian court and carried on writes how Hataria successfully per- catches well his air of benevolent but substantial trade. His talks in Bombay, suaded the Governor of Yazd to allow sturdy intrepidity. Behind it is the stately based on his observations in Iran were him to take to Tehran two ruffians who brick building of the new fire-temple, set published as a Gujarati book titled had killed one Zoroastrian and brutally high in a garden. In front of it, across a Rishal^Ej Har Shiyat^ Iran in 1865. assaulted another. In the capital the broad metalled road, are the spacious British scholar E. G. Browne, in his A criminals were let off with just a few modem houses of wealthy Zoroastrians. Year Amongst The Persians, has a hu- lashes. Islamic law did not consider the The scene would be wholly strange to morous description of Hataria ’s initial killing of an ‘infidel ’ a major offence! arrival in 1854, and his mixed feelings for Wrote Malcolm, “The great difficulty was the Iranian traveller who befriended him. not to get the law improved, but rather to some Parsis had urged Hataria to bring own community;... his predilection was Despite his many achievements, the world — has endowed a section of the Hataria was frustrated in his attempts to research library at the Zoroastrian Col- seek justice against those who assaulted lege premises in Sanjan, in Hataria ’s "There is only one piece of modem Zoroastrian sculpture in Iran, and that is tered. Restrictions regarding dress and a fine bust of Manekji Limji Hataria set (It) Manekji, but with its air of tranquil secu­ rity, very pleasing; a testimony in itself to the effectiveness of his life’s work.” 30 Parsiana May 1990 ILAW The Privy Council Judgment: SAKLATvs BELLA-2 On Navroze, 75 years ago, Bella first stepped into the fire-temple at Rangoon, thereby triggering off a historic legal battle (This presumes that the trust deed does justice Young, who gave the prelimi- not specify that only Parsi Zoroastrians nary judgment, dismissed the suit. The can avail of the benefits. Where this agiary 75 years ago on March 21,1915. John Edge heard the case, and upheld the jection with the court.) In order to acquaint the community with this, the second most historic judg- BeZ/fl was the orphan daughter of a Go- Shapurji from taking her there, anese Christian father and a Parsi mother who was brought up in a Zoroas­ trian household cf Rangoon from early Chief Court of Lower Burma, on appeal, clause exists, the trustees would have to irfancy. After her navjote had been per- concurred with Young. The plaintiffs then approach a court of law to modify the . formed Bella was taken by her adoptive appealed to the Privy Council where Lord trust deed. This could lead to litigation if father, Shapurji Cowasji, to the Rangoon Phillimore, Lord Blaneshburgh and Sir those opposed to the change file their ob- On March 31, three members of the Parsi appeal, namely that Bella "was not cn- community of Rangoon filed a suit titled as of right, to use the temple, or to against Bella and Shapurji Cowasji attend or to participate in any of the relig- ment after the Parsi Punchayet Case, claiming that they had "not only ious ceremonies performed therein.” Parsiana publishes the second and final wounded the religious feelings enter­ tained by religiously inclined Parsis, but the trustees "can treat her (Bella) as a also caused the desecration of the said trespasser...it does not follow that they sacred temple," and praying for a decla- ... — - ration from the court restraining Bella from the use of the fire-temple and decided by the trustees of the fire-temple, and scope of a temple trust. But the judges also noted that while instalment of the Privy Council judgment as delivered by Lord Phillimore. The first episode dwelt on Bella's are bound so to treat her.” Thus the background and her admission into the right of admission to converts could be Zoroastrian faith, as also the nature he origin of the temple, the right similar power of revocation if no temple been brought in respect of the burial to worship at which is in dispute was built within a year. ground, and by an order of the same date in the present case, is as follows: On November 24, 1868, the deputy com- then deputy commissioner had granted to and a similar order to frame a scheme was missioner at Rangoon, on behalf of Her two Parsi gentlemen another piece of land made. The scheme in respect of the Majesty’s Government, granted to upon trust to maintain it “as a cemetery temple gave the trustee charge'of the Bejunji Cowasji and Shapurji Hirji a par- and to the free use of persons of the Parsi temple and its appurtenances with duty to cel of land in the town of Rangoon of a denomination. ” There was a similar manage and improve as funds permitted, certain size “upon trust to build and main- power given to the deputy commissioner and power to build a range of shops on tain upon the said parcel of land a temple to appoint new trustees and a power of parts of the trust lands, borrowing money • for the use of Parsi population. ” revocation in case the land was applied to for the purpose. After repayment of mo­ lt was provided that the deputy com- other uses. This grant was again renewed nies borrowed the rest was to be applied missioner might nominate new trustees, also on August 14,1882. for the current expenses of the fire-temple and that if a temple was not erected within a year, he might revoke the grant, temple, a suit was brought to have a new and to this extent the two properties were On August 14, 1882 — probably be- trustee appointed, and scheme of man- brought together. cause there had been delay in building agement framed; and on March 20,1889, the temple — a re-grant was made to new trustees upon trust for the same intents and purposes as the old grant, with like framed. powers to appoint new trustees and a was built within a year. Previously on January 11, 1859, the the same person was appointed trustee then deputy commissioner had granted to revocation in case the land was applied to other uses. This grant was again renewed also on August 14,1882. Some disputes having arisen as to the and the Parsi burial ground. In this way temple, a suit was brought to have a new When the scheme for the burial ground the recorder appointed Bejunji Cowasji was to be framed, there was a serious dis- sole trustee and ordered a scheme to be pute with regard to children of Parsi fa­ thers who died without having gone through the ceremonies of initiation, and About the same time, a similar suit had 32 Parsiana May 1990eventually the scheme was framed in the to be Zoroastrians have, in their lordships, trusts were founded, the founders contem- following words: view, no claim. But upon the whole and plated and intended that converts should “The burial ground shall be used for after much consideration they think that be admitted to participate in them.' burying persons who shall at his or her the benefits are confined to persons who death be actually professing the Zoroas- possess the double qualification of of reasoning applies to the present case, trian religion and no otho-. Explanation: Zoroastrians and racial Parsis. The Parsi community had grown up to be No one shall be taken to be actually pro­ fessing the Zoroastrian religion who has travelled over much ground — indeed, in not been duly invested with the sudreh their lordships’ opinion, much unneces- and kusti in accordance with the rites sary ground — but both Judges came to goon were made the Government must prescribed by that religion, provided, the conclusion that the various trusts in have intended that the temple should be nevertheless, that children bom of fathers the case must be construed as being con- for the benefit of professing members of following the Zoroastrian religion and fined to persons who were of the Zoroas- the Parsi community i.e. racial Parsis ot brought up in that faith and dying before trian religion and racial Parsis. There people deemed after a long lapse of ages the age of 14 years and three months were several trusts, and the expressions to be racial Parsis. without having been invested with the in the deeds were different; but the word sudreh and kusti may be taken to be actu­ ally professing the Zoroastrian religion, word Zoroastrian or some equivalent re- It determines that the respondent Bella but children dying after having attained ligious word was used. Sometimes the has no right of entering into the temple that age without having been invested trusts were for the members of the and may therefore be excluded or ex- with the sudreh and kusti shall not be Zoroastrian community of Bombay; other truded from the temple by the trustees, taken to have professed the Zoroastrian phrases were similar. Nevertheless, both They can treat her as a trespasser. But it religion unless his or her investiture was Judges came to the conclusion that they does not follow that they are bound to so prevented by unforeseen and unavoid- must be read as has been already stated. treat her. Still less does it follow that in able circumstances.” Daver J thus expressed himself: “A an action to which the trustees are not It is suggested for the defendants 'that juddin (that is a gentile) may become a parties, and in which therefore no indi- this document shows that the stress of the Zoroastrian, but how he ever could possi- rect remedy can be obtained, a direct matter was laid upon the religion and not bly become a member of ‘the Holy claim can be supported as if for a tort upon the race. Zoroastrian Anjuman of Bombay ’ or be committed by Bella or her guardian. One other document must be men- one of the members of ‘the Ztvoastrian When property is set apart for public tioned. Apparently it took a long time Community of Bombay ’ or become one or charitable uses, it will be a malversa- before the temple or at any rate the pres- of ‘the Anjuman of the Mazdiasni faith’, tion to apply any of the funds for persons ent temple was built, and on August 20, passes my comprehension. A juddin who are not objects of the trust Those 1904, Bejunji Cowasji executed a deed converted to Zoroastrianism had never who are objects of the trust must have all of declaration of trust reciting that he and come into existence. Such a person the benefits they require; and if there is a his brother had built at their charge a could not possibly have been within the surplus, it must be left to the courts to fire-temple upon the trust lands so that contemplation of the donors and found- make a cy pits application of it. But the same might form part of the said ers; the possibility of such a being com- when the subject matter of such a trust mists and be for the use of the Parsi in­ habitants of Rangoon, and purporting to novel that if the donor ever conceived declare for himself and his successors- in-office that he held the fire-temple “for the use of the Parsi inhabitants of Rangoon free and unrestricted but sub­ ject notwithstanding to the tenets of the pure Zoroastrian religion and to the scheme prescribed by the court” The defendants at their lordships’ bar contended that this Was an attempt to al­ ter the trust and as such should be re­ jected, but in their written statement they . accepted it as a valid document So far as it goes, it rather makes in the plaintiffs ’ favor, but their lordships are not disposed in' his benefaction, he would certainly public library destined for a particular to attach grave importance to it. designate him separately and specially, municipality persons from outside, or The Chief Court—as already stated— and not include him in the general de- what is perhaps a nearer analogy, admit to considered that the effect of these docu- scription of the community of his then the hearing of a lecture by a university ments was to impose a trust fix* the bene- existing coreligionists and their descen- professor persons not members of the fit of persons professing the Zoroastrian dants.” university, this of itself furnishes no religion and no others. Beaman J said: “That question is not, ground of complaint. If the numbers Their Itxdsh^ 9gree with the latter whether the Zoroastrian religion permits admitted are too large or the persons are part of this proposition. Parsis who cease conversion, but whether, when these disorderly or unpleasant in their habits or In their lordships* view the same line The judgment in the Bombay case such a distinct body, and admissions into it from outside h^ been so very rare, that at the time when these grants at Ran- But this does not exhaust the matters Parsi never appeared in them, and the to be determined ot the present appeal. ing into existence would be so new and or charity is the rendering of some con­ venience or service of such a nature that it will not hurt the lawful recipients if others share with them, their lordships ' are aware of no case in which it has been held that the trustees are bound to ex­ clude persons who have no legal title to J share. They may do so; they may treat 1 all such persons as trespassers and say: j Sic volo sic jubeo, stet pro ralione volun- | tas. Thus I will thus I command, let it stand. But if they choose to admit to the 1 benefit of some park or garden estab ­ lished fw a particular district some per- such an idea and intended to include him sons from over the border or to admit to a They can treat her as a trespasser. But it does not follow that they are bound to so treat her 34 Parsiana May iPffO ?in any way substantially interfere with the once it was accepted that she was a Agiary or Dhurraymair’or to the use and convenience or benefit of those for whom Zoroastrian. benefits of the buildings standing on the the endowment was created, the trustees Also, if it were a question of caste and said trust land or to attend at or partici ­ may be required to exclude them. But the worshippers of a higher caste would be pate in any of the religious ceremonies mere claim of A that B shall not share in defiled by the presence of a lower caste, performed therein.** such a benefit because B is not within the as in Amutdrav Bhikaji Phadke vs Shan- ~ terms of the foundation is not one that kar Daji Chary a, this would be a se- courts would encourage. Many illustrations of this doctrine case: could be drawn from the history of Eng- Courts must guard, as otherwise all high- religious ceremonies. This is a claim for lish institutions. The great schools of caste Hindus would hold their sanctuar- an injunction to prevent the repetition of Westminster, Eton and Winchester arose ies, and perform their worship, only so an alleged trespass. It must, therefore, from small nuclei, namely, a fixed num­ bar of endowed and privileged scholars allow them.** taught by appointed masters. They have become what they are because unprivi ­ leged boys in greater numbers have been caste claim is not even suggested in the person to bring the action is the person in allowed to benefit by the services of the pleadings. It was the wounding of reli- possession of the land, that is the trustee, aj^inted masters, and to use the school gious feelings and the desecration of the That a beneficiary or two or three benefi- classrooms and playgrounds... temple which are put forward. claries of a trust for public purposes may The intrusion of an unbeliever into a Their lordships have now to consider bring a suit for trespass against an in- place of religious worship might well be the relief which the plaintiffs have trader is a novel principle^ of jurispru- a case of substantial interference with the sought in this suit They have not sought dence; and the case is not made stronger devotions of worshippers. But the plain- for a general declaration as to the persons by the suggestion that several other bene- tiffs have failed to make out that Bella who are objects of the trust. They have ficiaries agree with them, was not a Zoroastrian. They suggested not sought for a construction of the indeed that her conversion was impos­ sible, or at any rate that it had not been completed by due initiation, but their trustee a party. For this they would Bhikaji Phadke vs Shankar Daji Chary a lOTdships agree with the Judge of first in- probably have required the consent of the may form a precedent. But, if so, the stance that this suggestion was'not estab- advocate-general. They pray in the lished; while, except in the evidence of plaint **for a declaration that the defen- one unsatisfactory witness, there was dani Bella is not entitled to the use and juxtaposition of the two sets of persons is , nothing to show that Bella’s presence benefits of the Parsi Fire Temple in so repugnant to their habits of mind that would be thought to cause desecration, if Dalhousie Street known as ‘Captain*s the entrance of one set into the temple entails the departure of the other, so that it is as it were trespass to the person. As already stated no such case has been established, and therefore it is not necessary to discuss the principle on which the judgment in Anandrav Bhi­ kaji Phadke vs Shankar Daji Chary a is founded and which was indeed accepted by the Judge of first instance in the pres­ ent case. The facts do not warrant the claim, if it be a sound one, and no injunc­ tion can be granted. But, upon the whole, their lordships feel that the plaintiffs have failed in the greater part of their suit, and that the giv­ ing to them of a declaration is an indulgence...Their lordships will humbly recommend His Majesty that this appeal be allowed, that the judgment of the Chief Court be varied, and that a declara ­ tion be made, namely, that Bella was not entitled as of right, to use the temple, or to attend or to participate in any of the religious ceremonies performed herein... A. deM. Appeal allowed Solicitor for appellants: A. M. Bramall. Solicitors for respondents: Waterhouse & Co. Also, if it were a question of caste and said trust land or to attend at or partici- Then they claim an injunction to re­ strain the defendant Bella from entering rious disturbance. As was said in that and the other defendant, now dead, from “This right is one which the bringing her into the temple to attend the far as those of the lower castes chose to first be established that there was a tres­ pass and one for which damages, though But this claim is again not established, possible only nominal, could be recov- Indeed, what may be called the quasi- ered; But fcr trespass upon land the only temple which are put forward. Their lordships have now to consider bring a suit for trespass against an in- scheme, or for any order to be made upon the trustee, nor have they made the It may be that in India it would be convenient in some cases to allow such a suit, and the judgment in Anandrav circumstances must be as powerful as in that case. It must be established that the I Gifts& —IWhws I Hie Friendly Gift Shq> for handicrafts, festive ^fts, reli^ous artefacts, executive desk sets, exclusive shell items, designer jewelry & specializing in wood & copper-enamel gifts. BOMBAY SWADESHI STORES LTD. (Mezzanine Floor) Sir FeM. Road, Bombay-400 001 STUDIO AKAR 6T/2660 J 35 Parsiana May 19SO--------- of the Federation of Zoroastrian Associa- squash champion. A purser with Air In- EVENTS AND PERSONALITIES con(mued#<»np1), 3, C. D. Seihna Bldg, Parel, 400012; May 14 Shirinbai Peshotan Tarapor- wala (90), Cl\, Godrej Baug, Off Nepean Sea Rd, 400026; May 14 Erach Edalji Madon (69), A/7, Ness Baug, Nana Chowk, 400007; May 15 Jehangirji Hormusji Bharda (68), Edawalla Agiary, Trinity St, Dhobilalao, 400002; May 16 Shilla Behr am Dubash (76), Joshi Hse, 16, Cumballa Hill, 400036; May 16 Soli Behramji Irani (Kalantri) (65), Raghoji Bldg, Raghoji Rd, 400036; May 16 Freny Dinshaw Lilenwalla (86), Q/3, Cusrow Baug, S. B. Rd, 400039; May 16 Banoobai Nariman Master (64), Jyoti Mhl, 13, Sleater Rd, 400007; May 16 Nargish Merwan Patel (72), Patel St, Nargol, Dist Bulsar, 396135; May 16 Daulat Ardeshir Wadia (85), Rawat Compd, Behind Slate Bank of India, Igatpuri, 422403; May 16 Jal Maneckji Daruwalla (63), A, Vasaymal Bldg, 387, Grant Rd, 400007; May 17 Jerbanu Kaikhushru Daruwalla (70), A, Vasaymal Bldg, 387, Grant Rd, 400007; May 17 Soonu Ratansha Contractor (65), Sir Ratan Tala Clny, Tardeo, 400034; May 18 Sorab Mancherji Cooper (82), Jaiji Ter, Slcaler Rd, 400007; May 18 Rustom Darabshaw Dubash (95), 12/A, Allas Apt, Narayan Dabholkar Rd, 400006; May 18 Mani Russy Mistry (71), 2, Boman Hse, Homji St, Fort, 400001; May 18 Mani Home Behram (67), H/34, Cusrow Bang, S. B. Rd, 400039; May 19 Hormusji Dhunjishaw Colah (89), 651, Karanjia Bldg, Dhobitalao, 400002; May 19 Jer Eruchshaw Desai (54), Gamadia Clny, Tardeo, 400007; May 19 Shapurji Dadabhoy Wadia (83), Sanjana Bldg, Forjett Hill Rd, Tardeo, 400036; May 19 Jer Jamshedji Badshaw (78), kji, Cusrow Baug, S. B. Rd, 400039; May 20 Dina Nariman Ghadoiwala (64), 18, Daruwalla Bldg, 4, Dinbai Petit St, Grant Rd, 400007; May 20 Jehangirji Sorabji Hilloo (77), Jamasp Tata Blocks, 38lh Rd, Bandra, 400050; May 20 Nozer Naval Mistry (47), D/10, Malince Apts, Mahakali Rd, Andheri (E), 400069; May 20 Kekobad Dhunjishah Patel (JI), Petit Parsi Sanatorium, August Kranli Marg, 40(X)36; May 20 Firoze Rustomji Batliwala (fil), Sohnag, Kairak Rd, Wadala, 400031; May 21 Hirabai Munchershaw Gandhi Steamship agents — master stevedores dubashes — lighterage contractors Darabshaw B.Cursetjee's Sons (Bombay) Pvt. Ltd. Darabshaw House, Ballard Road, Bombay - 400 038. Grams: 'DEADWEIGHT Telex: 5824 DBCB IN Phone: 260021 (4 Lines) (Dock Office: 262230) Also associates at Calcutta, Vishakhapatnam, Kakinada, Mangalore, Bhavnagar, Bedi-port, Navlakhi, Veraval, Porbunder & Kandla. Also sole Government Landing contractors at Jamnagar, (Bedi) Bhavnagar. 39 Parsiana May 1990f 113, Mody St, Foft,40(K)01; May 26 Phiroz Edulji Billimoria (83), P/25, Cusrow Baug, S. B. Rd, 400039; May 27 Tehmi Temurasp Div^ha (68), 407, Mistry Chmbs, Opp Strand Cinema, Colaba, 400005; May 27 Manijeh Jamshedji Kathoke (^3), Rati-Khush, 32, P. J. Nehru Rd, Santacruz (E), 4(XX)55; May 27 Behram Dort^ Patel (84), Aziz Bldg, 137, Tardeo Rd, 400034; May 27 Roda Dadiba Engineer (82), 804/C, Rati Lodge, Dr Ambcdkar Rd, Parsi Clny, Dadar, 400014; May 28 Mithaninai Fardoonji Panthakee {^1), 190/A, Presswalla Bldg, Lamington Rd, 400007; May 28 TLennia Mehernosh Bharucha (3), AfJ, Central Bank Colleagues Co-op Hsg Soc, Vile Parle, 400057; May 29 Maneck llirjibhai Vajifdar (60), Soona Bldg, Chikalwadi, Tardeo, 400007; May 30 Farook Sorabji Mulla (79), Cl/G, Walkeshwar Rd, 400006; May 31 (87), D/4, Imperial Mhl, Khodadad Circle, Dadar, 400014; May 21 Jer Burjor Ghaswalla (87), B/54, Sea Lord, Cuffe Parade 400005; May 21 Shirin Ardeshir Mobedji (81), 1/30, A. H. Wadia Baug, Parel Tank Rd, 400033; May 21 Bhikhamai Dhunjishaw Jithra (80), Banaji Bldg, GowaliaTank Rd, 400036; May 22 Sovak Pirojshaw Pastakia (78), A/43, Twin Towers, Veer Savarkar Marg, Prabhadevi, 400025; May 22 Naoroze Sofwab Rashid (2 months), 26/B, Baharishthan Bldg, Vikhroli (W), 400083; May 22 Maki Jimmy Karanjia (70), G/9, Sh^ur Bang, V. P. Rd, 400004; May 23 Homi Rustom Moniri (69), 5, Hanvant Bhavan, 80/E, Nepean Sea Rd, 400006; May 23 Hoshang Kawasji Pardiwala (85), Chaman Chmbs, 1st Marine St, 400020; May 23 Khorshed Dara Kanga (78), Gemfrina, 630, Khareghat Rd, Parsi Clny, Dadar, 400014; May 24 Ratamai Cawasji Pithawala (80), F/7, Nowroz Baug, Lalbaug, 400012; May 24 Piroya//ir/r Kdziga (83), 327, Dr Nergesh Wadia, wife of Erachshaw and mother of Dinaz How and Navaz; May 9 411001; May 12 Noshir Ardeshir Irani (79), Hahim'Hse, 14, Ambcdkar Rd, 411001; May 19 Veera Russi Rupa (68), 71, Shastri Apts, Molcdina Rd, 411001; May 20 udwada Married Parizad Dotiwalla, daughter of Dossa and late Soli, and Cyrus Randelia, son of Jer and Nariman; May 7 CALCUTTA Died VANCOUVER Married Rashna Buhariwala, daughter of Bapsy and Parvez, and Shahrokh Kianipour, son of Irandokht and Kaikhosrow; February 9 VICTORIA Died Bapsy Adenwalla', March 23 TOTALS (for this issue) Born: Boys 11, Girls 8 Married 32 . Died 106 Compiled by Roxana II. Kaka 1989: The telling figures The year 1989 saw possibly the Dinshaw Master Rd, Parsi Clny, Dadar, 400014; May 25 Merwemjee Jahangirjee Patel (72), B/27, Room 416, Pratiksha Ngr, Sion, 400022; May 25 Homi Motasha Wadia (84), Shcroo Villa, Jaiprakash Rd, Andhcri, 400058; May 25 Jehangir Jeewanjee Colaba- walla (69), Satyam, Albub Rd, Vasai (Dist) Thane, 401201; May 26 Mani Dossabhai Daruwalla (85), T/10, Cusrow Baug, S. B. Rd, 400039; May 26 Dhan Dara Kakalia (84), A/6, Satya Bhama Niwas, Kasinath St, Tardco, 400034; May 26 Jehangir Faramroze Mistry (64), Kerawala Bldg, 463, Chira Bazar, 400(X)2; May 26 Sorabji Bhimjibhai Patel (86), Parsi Punchayet Staff Qtrs, Kemps Comer, 4(X)026; May 26 Dara Cawasji Press (78), 609, Singapuri Bldg, Girgaum Rd, 400002; May 26 Gulamai Jehangirji Rai Ra (74), Petit Widows’ Chawl, DEOLALI Died Mehr a Rustom Masani (80); April 6 LUCKNOW Died Boman Jalejar Khodaiji {(>6), husband of Bapsy and fadier of Jal, Kayomarz arxl Freny; March 21 POONA Born A girl, Jahanin, to Farida and Cyrus Pajnigar, Mtuch 23 Died Sam Bomansha Mugasheth (74), 3/B, Salisbury Park, 411001; May 1 Nariman Nusserwanji Marolia (83), 4, Central Ajjts, Convent St, 411001; May 4 Burjor Sorabji Sadri (80), E/15, Gita Soc, Synagogue St, 40 Parsiana May 1990 “ " . tivc of whether the father or the lowest ever birth figures (437) mother is a Zoroastrian, the for the Zoroastrian community Bombay Municipal Corporation in Bombay. deaths was 1,(X)8 (figures sup­ plied by the Bombay Parsi Punchayet and the Chandanwadi crematorium) which means an excess of 571 deatlis over births for the year. The birth figures Towers of Silence while seven were obtained from the Bombay opted for the Chandanwadi elec- Municipal Corporation, courtesy Peshotan Nargolwala who at the Fifth World 2^roastrian Con­ gress in January 1990 had esti­ mated 550 births for the year. This means that the actual de- age is calculated as a ratio of in­ cline in community numbers could be 20 percent more than what was projected at the Con­ gress. Parsiana listed in the Mile­ stones column 250 births in Bombay for the year 1989. Our information is gleaned from September 1988 the percent- only some of the hospitals in south and central Bombay. While the births listed in Par­ siana include offspring of inter­ community marriages irrespec- Thc number of may have listed only those where the birth certificate states that the child is a Parsi/Zoroas- trian. In regard to deaths, 1,001 had their bodies consigned to the trie crematorium. Of the 445 marriages that took place, 62 were to non- Zoroastrian spouses. This works out to 14 percent if the pcrcent- i tercommunity marriages to the I total number of marriages (62:445). It works out to 16 percent if calculated as a ratio of intercommunity marriages to I community marriages (62:383). For the period October 1987 to ages were 12 and 14 respec­ tively. Tlius there has been a two percent increase in the nymber of intercommunity marriages. Subscribe to Parsiana The Zoroastrian Link Annual SuBSCRimoN Rs 60 (For overseas rates see contents page ) Write to ; Parsiana GPO Box 892 Bombay 400001 /